Oure Cassoni refugee camp Iridimi refugee camp
Touloum refugee camp Mille refugee camp
Kounoungo refugee camp Abeche
Farchana refugee camp
Breidjing refugee camp
C H A D
Djabai refugee camp
Goz Amer refugee camp
West Darfur
Kaima IDP camp C.A.R : Fig. 2.15 Conflict in Darfur, Sudan ACTIVE LEARNING
1. In what way has climate change caused overpopulation in the Sahel region?
2. How might the education of women help to solve the issue of overpopulation in the Sahel?
3. Of the four possible solutions to overcoming overpopulation in the Sahel (mentioned above), which, do you think, is the most likely to succeed? Which, do you think, is the least likely to succeed? Explain your reasons for both choices.
It might be difficult to believe, but just 5,000 years ago the area that now makes up the Sahara Desert was a lush, green grassland. Changes in climate around this time saw the region rapidly turn to desert.
48 S o u t h D a r f u r Adré Bahay Iriba S U D A N N o r t h D a r f u r Kutum IDP camp
Ardamata IDP camp Riyad IDP camp
Geneina Sisi IDP camp Mumei
Zalingei IDP camp
Kass Mumei IDP camp Nyala Mershing IDP camp
Abu Shouk IDP camp
Al Fashir
Key
International boundaries State boundaries Town
Refugee camp IDP camp
IDP/refugee camp population approximate
10,000 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000
shanty towns. The outward migration of these people has had a devastating effect on the rural communities left behind. As most migrants tend to be males, the females are left behind to look after the elderly members of the family. This has led to low marriage rates in rural areas and it also robs rural areas of a large proportion of their young workforce.
In many areas, increased migration due to overpopulation has led to tension and conflict between migrants and
locals. Sudan and South Sudan are examples of this, with the root cause of conflict being cultural differences. However, increased migration from the Sahel region to Sudan increased tensions before the War in Darfur began. In 2003, civil war broke out in Darfur as two groups (Sudanese Liberation Army and Justice and Equality Movement) fought against the government. The rebels cited a lack of government protection for Darfur’s farming population and the government’s lack of investment in developing the region as the reasons for the conflict. The Sudanese government responded by bombing villages and arming Arab militia, who attacked civilians. As a result of the fighting, over 300,000 people were killed and over 3 million people were internally displaced within Darfur. This mass internal migration has led to overpopulation in areas which are unable to support the increased populations. The majority of these deaths have occurred as a result of starvation.
Possible Solutions to Overpopulation The problems of overpopulation can be tackled in many ways:
1. Education of women is seen as an effective way of combating overpopulation in the Sahel. Educated women are less likely to get married younger and are more knowledgeable in areas such as children’s healthcare and family planning. When women have access to education, they are more likely to have fewer and healthier children.
2. Afforestation projects have the ability to reduce the rate of desertification, as they shield land from strong winds and also help to bind soil together. Correctly managed afforestation can also eventually allow for sustainable use of trees for firewood.
3. Although it is expensive to set up, solar power is a potential source of energy/power for the Sahel. As well as harvesting the almost constant
ELECTIVE 5 PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
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