How Government Policy Reduces Population Growth


China’s One-Child Policy Russia Kazakhstan Slovakia Mongolia Kyr. Taj. Pakistan n Shanghai Nepal Bhutan India Guangzhou Myan.


Bay of Bengal


0 0


500 km 500 mi : Fig. 1.13 China and surrounding regions


In order to reduce the rate of population growth in the country, the Chinese government introduced a one-child policy in 1979. The policy was strictly enforced by the government, especially in the urban areas in eastern China, e.g. Shanghai. Families who obeyed the policy were awarded through incentives, such as higher wages and better educational opportunities, and received additional financial assistance from the government. For families who did not obey the policy, there were a number of sanctions, e.g. fines, termination of employment, and a withdrawal of government assistance, such as children’s healthcare.


There were a number of exceptions to the policy: l


The policy applied strictly to urban dwellers in the east; it was not as strictly enforced in the more sparsely populated west of the country.


l


Any couple who were both from one-child families themselves were allowed to have a second child.


l


Couples could apply to have a second child, which was more likely to be granted if couples agreed to wait for four years.


POPULATION CHANGE OVER TIME AND SPACE 13


Romania has a population of 19.8 million people, which is declining by 0.29 per cent annually. During the 1960s Romania’s population growth was slow, with a natural increase of 6 per 1,000 per year. This was a problem for the government as they relied on the availability of a large, young workforce for their industrial economy. In order to increase birth rates, the government introduced policies in 1965 which: l


l l


Made abortion illegal Made divorce difficult


Introduced tax penalties for childless citizens over the age of 25


l


Introduced tax incentives and rewards for larger families


l Banned the importation of contraceptives. Viet. Laos


South China Sea


Philippines Macao


Adriatic Sea


: Fig. 1.14 Romania and surrounding regions Chongqing


East China Sea


Taiwan Hong Kong Bulgaria


Black Sea


Serbia


Bucharest R. Danube


Beijing


N. Korea S. Korea


Yellow Sea


Hungary Moldova Ukraine


How Government Policy Increases Population Growth


Romania’s Policies for Population Growth


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Elective 5: Human CHAPTER 1


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