Index A


absence of community 166 absence of settlement 115 acacia 42 afforestation 48 Afghanistan 11, 18 agricultural revolution 55–6 Ahern, Bertie 69 AIDS 53–54, 58–59 air pollution 168–9, 170–1, 173–4 antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) 58, 59 apartheid, definition 69 asylum seekers 68, 77, 78 asylum shopping 78 austerity 76 Australia 7, 41


B


Ballymun Regeneration Project 167 bid rents 148 biomes 43 birth rates 10, 11, 16, 18 influences on 11–15, 44, 49–50 and religion 15, 25, 49–50


brain drain 62, 71 Brazil 22, 87–9 Bronze Age 2000–600 BCE 97–8 brownfield sites 135, 146


C


car emissions 169–70 carbon footprint 40, 60 carbon output 40 Carrick-on-Shannon 106, 151 Carrick-on-Suir 112 carrying capacity 41, 52, 55 Catholicism, and birth rates 15, 25, 49–50 Ceausescu, Nicolae 15 Celtic Settlement (600–500 BCE) 98, 102 Celtic Tiger era 41, 75, 159 Census of Ireland (2016), investigation of 27–8 central place theory 109–11 child mortality 17–18, 51–52, 54, 57 children 11, 51


estimated cost of raising 12 and forced marriages 20


China 12, 13–15, 40, 170–1 Christaller, Walter 109 cities


developing worldwide 172–3 and land values 148–9 social stratification 144–5 sustainable 175–7


civilisation 97 climate 6, 7 climate change 43–4 colonisation 7 commuter zone 24, 27, 86, 136 counter urbanisation 116


County Development Plans 116–17 crannóg 98 Croatia, Stage 5 demographic model 19 crop rotation 55 crossbreeding 55 culture, influence on overpopulation 49–50


D


Darfur, civil war 48 DART 164 death rates 10, 11–15, 17, 18 deforestation 46 demographic transitional model 16–19 Stage 1: High Fluctuating Stage 16–17 Stage 2: Early Expanding Stage 17–18 Stage 3: Late Expanding Stage 18 Stage 4: Low Fluctuating Stage 19 Stage 5: The Senile Stage 19


dependency ratio 23 derelict 146, 147 desertification 40, 42, 46, 48 Dingle 102–3 diseases 17, 45, 57 dispersed settlement 114–15 donor region 68 advantages of emigration 70–1 disadvantages of emigration 71–2


dormitory towns 87, 138 dry points 99, 103 Dublin 24 CBD 137, 143 industrial area 138 land use zones 137–8 location of services 144 Multi Nuclei Theory in 143–4 open space 138 population 27, 28 residential land use 138 social stratification 144, 145 sprawling suburbs 28 traffic congestion 164–5 Dublin Docklands 146–7 Dublin Docklands Development Authority (DDDA) 147 Dun Aengus promontory fort 98 Dungarvan, County Waterford 113 Durban Agreement 170


E


Early Christian Settlement (500–800 CE) 99, 103 Ebola Virus 17 ecological footprint 60–1 economic factors, and population distribution/density 24 economic liability 18–19 Educate Together 84 education


and birth rates 11, 16 and death rates 11 and life expectancy 11 of women 48, 49


184 ELECTIVE 5 PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100  |  Page 101  |  Page 102  |  Page 103  |  Page 104  |  Page 105  |  Page 106  |  Page 107  |  Page 108  |  Page 109  |  Page 110  |  Page 111  |  Page 112  |  Page 113  |  Page 114  |  Page 115  |  Page 116  |  Page 117  |  Page 118  |  Page 119  |  Page 120  |  Page 121  |  Page 122  |  Page 123  |  Page 124  |  Page 125  |  Page 126  |  Page 127  |  Page 128  |  Page 129  |  Page 130  |  Page 131  |  Page 132  |  Page 133  |  Page 134  |  Page 135  |  Page 136  |  Page 137  |  Page 138  |  Page 139  |  Page 140  |  Page 141  |  Page 142  |  Page 143  |  Page 144  |  Page 145  |  Page 146  |  Page 147  |  Page 148  |  Page 149  |  Page 150  |  Page 151  |  Page 152  |  Page 153  |  Page 154  |  Page 155  |  Page 156  |  Page 157  |  Page 158  |  Page 159  |  Page 160  |  Page 161  |  Page 162  |  Page 163  |  Page 164  |  Page 165  |  Page 166  |  Page 167  |  Page 168  |  Page 169  |  Page 170  |  Page 171  |  Page 172  |  Page 173  |  Page 174  |  Page 175  |  Page 176  |  Page 177  |  Page 178  |  Page 179  |  Page 180  |  Page 181  |  Page 182  |  Page 183  |  Page 184  |  Page 185  |  Page 186  |  Page 187  |  Page 188  |  Page 189  |  Page 190  |  Page 191  |  Page 192  |  Page 193  |  Page 194