) Fig. 3.12 Applications for asylum in Ireland between 2005 and 2015


1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500


500 0


ACTIVE LEARNING


1. What is the difference between a General Employment Permit and a Critical Skills Employment Permit?


2. What is meant by the term asylum seeker?


4,323 4,314 3,985 3,866 3,276 2,689 1,939 1,290 956 946 1,448


2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015


Following a referendum held in June 2004, there is no automatic right to citizenship for Irish-born children of non-national parents.


3.5 EU Migration Policy GEO DICTIONARY


Asylum shopping: term used to describe the practice of asylum seekers applying for asylum in several states or choosing a particular state to apply due to it being more desirable


Today, foreign nationals from within the EU do not need a permit to work in Ireland; non-EU foreign nationals do need a work permit. One of the key principles of the EU since it was founded with the Treaty of Rome has been the freedom of movement of workers within the EU. Migrants are needed in Europe, as the majority of European countries are in Stage 4 or Stage 5 of the Demographic Transitional Model and have low levels of birth rates. As the populations of these developed countries age and decline, migrants are needed to fill labour shortages or bring skills that may be lacking in a country. For example, many European countries lack the skills to fill job vacancies in research, IT and engineering. It is estimated that by 2020, the EU will need roughly 20 million immigrants to fill labour shortages.


However, increased migration into the EU has seen a move towards a common EU immigration policy. A common policy would regulate immigration and ensure it is more evenly spread throughout the EU.


The Dublin System and FRONTEX


In 2003 the Dublin System (named after an EU meeting in Dublin) was introduced whereby the EU country that refugees first entered has to deal with their asylum application. The aim of this system is to prevent ‘asylum shopping’. Asylum seekers are fingerprinted at their point of entry, with this information then being stored on a central database available to all EU member states.


: Fig. 3.13 The UN has criticised the EU’s response to the migration crisis.


The border control agency FRONTEX was founded by the EU in 2004 in order to provide assistance to member states who needed help in securing their borders. In particular, the agency provides assistance to countries along


78 ELECTIVE 5 PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT


Number of applications


A


Z


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