ACTIVE LEARNING


1. Name three towns or townlands in your county beginning with Lios (Lis), Dun or Caher.


2. Try to find the meaning of the name of your local town/townland. Note: you may have to translate the name into Irish in order to find its meaning.


with tin to form the alloy bronze. This shows an increased technological advancement. The Bronze Age people left much smaller tombs than the Neolithic people. Bronze Age settlers buried their people in wedge tombs, stone chambers and small burrows.


Celtic Settlement: 600 BCE–500 CE


The Celts came to Ireland from mainland Europe and brought new technology, such as iron weapons. The Celts were an aggressive and warlike people who lived in a structured society that was divided into kingdoms called tuaths. Within each tuath, Celts lived in isolated dwellings that were scattered throughout the countryside. The Celts typically chose areas that were easy to defend, such as elevated sites, cliff-edges or near marsh lakes. Defensive sites were encircled with walls to offer further protection.


: Fig. 4.5 Dun Aengus promontory fort


A settlement known as a crannóg was common. Crannógs were constructed in lakes and had a series of hidden steps for access. There is an abundance of evidence of Celtic settlement scattered throughout Ireland, e.g. ring fort, hill fort, promontory fort, crannóg, togher, souterrain, fulacht fiadh and ogham stones. A former Celtic tuath can also be identified by place-names such as rath, Lios/Lis, Dun, Caisel, Cahir or Caher.


OS map evidence: • Ring fort • Hill fort • Promontory fort • Crannóg


Note!


• Togher • Souterrain • Fulacht fiadh • Ogham stones


• Place-names that include: Rath, Lios/Lis, Dun, Caisel, Cahir or Caher.


: Fig. 4.6 Ring fort GEO DICTIONARY


Tuath: a Celtic kingdom Crannóg: an ancient fortified dwelling made of wattle and daub, often built in a lake or an area of marsh land Promontory fort: a fort built on a point of high land that juts out into the sea Togher: a road or track across bogland Souterrain: an underground chamber or passage Fulacht fiadh: burnt mound thought to be a Celtic cooking/washing area


Ogham stone: an upright stone used to mark the boundary of a túath; ogham stones have carvings/markings of the ancient alphabet called ogham


98


ELECTIVE 5 PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT


A


Z


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