6.5 Developing World Cities


; Fig. 6.21 The world’s megacities


As of 2016 there are 28 megacities (population >10 million) in the world, most of which are in the developing world. However, given rapid growth in population and the poor economic situation of some countries, a number of problems can occur.


London, UK 10.3m 11.4m


Los Angeles, US 12.3m 13.2m


Moscow, Russia 12.1m 12.2m


Delhi, India 25.7m 36m


New York, US 18.5m 19.8m


Bogotá, Colombia 9.7m 11.9m


Mexico City, Mexico 21m 23.8m


São Paulo, Brazil 21m 23.4m


Buenos Aires, Argentina 15.1m 16.9m


Lagos, Nigeria 13.1m 24.2m


Kinshasa, Congo 11.5m 20m


Luanda, Angola 5.5m 10.4m


Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 12.9m 14.1m


Key


Current megacities 2015 population


2030 population


Future megacities 2015 population


2030 population


Paris, France 10.8m 11.8m


Cairo, Egypt 18.7m 24.5m


Lahore, Pakistan 8.7m 13m


Karachi, Pakistan 16.6m 24.8m


Ahmedabad, India 7.3m 10.5m


Mumbai, India 21m 27.8m


Beijing, China 20.3m 27.2m


Chengdu, China 7.6m 10.1m


Shanghai, China 23.7m 30.7m


Tokyo, Japan 38m 37.1m


Hyderabad, India 8.9m 12.7m


Bangkok, Thailand 9.2m 11.5m


Jakarta, Indonesia 10.3m 13.8m


Johannesburg, South Africa 9.7m 11.9m


Chongqing, China 13.3m 17.3m


Manila, Philippines 12.9m 16.7m


Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 7.3m 10.2m


Rural to Urban Migration


In many developing regions, e.g. poorer African countries, rural areas are extremely poor. Many people migrate from these rural areas in search of food and shelter. This leads to a rapid population increase in urban areas, with rural families providing a better chance of survival for their children in towns and cities.


Growth of Shanty Towns


Because of the rapid growth of urban areas as a result of rural to urban migration, governments and authorities are unable to provide adequate housing and services for their populations. As a result, people are forced to live in whatever forms of shelter they can find, leading to groups of poor-quality shacks or shanty towns. Globally, there are close to 1 billion people living in shanty towns.


Traffic Congestion


In developing cities, traffic management is extremely poor, causing a great deal of traffic congestion and air pollution. Newly industrialised countries (e.g. Brazil) have experienced rapid economic growth. The wealthier a country becomes, the more cars are bought. This leads to traffic congestion.


172 ELECTIVE 5 PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT


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