Ethiopia – 2010


90–94 95–99


Male Female


70–74 75–79 80–84 85–89


10–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65–69


0–4 5–9


8 7 6 5 4 3 2


: Fig. 2.20 Age of Ethiopia’s population


ACTIVE LEARNING


1. Why is Germany’s birth rate lower than Ethiopia’s?


2. What population factors hinder Ethiopia’s development?


3. Go to www.youtube.com to source videos related to population decline. Use key search terms such as ‘population decline’ and ‘Germany falling population’.


Percentage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


1 0 8 Age group 7 6 5 4 3 2


Percentage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


1 0


In contrast to this, Ethiopia suffers from limited resources combined with high birth rates. Economic instability, political and religious conflict, low levels of education and low status of women prevent opportunities for economic development. In 1950, Ethiopia had a population of just 18.5 million, with a rising TFR of 7.17. Due to a lack of education and low status of women in society, the population began to rise rapidly – reaching over 100 million in 2015.


Historically, Ethiopia has suffered from famine, with six major famines occurring since 1900 alone. As a result, a tradition of having many children exists in order to guarantee that enough survive to look aſter their parents in old age. A lack of family planning and education regarding contraception has also led to an increased birth rate.


Percentage 50


37.5 25 0–14 15–24 Ethiopia 25–54 Age (Years) Germany


12.5 0


55–64 65+


( Fig. 2.21 Population dynamics of Ethiopia and Germany


Thirteen per cent of Ethiopian children are missing one or both of their parents; nearly a quarter of these parents died of AIDS.


With over 75 per cent of Ethiopia’s population living in rural areas, government aid is almost non-existent, with the exception of limited food aid in times of drought. Low literacy rates and lack of education mean that child mortality rates are high. Lack of contraception leads to a higher than desirable TFR. Te TFR is 4.6, despite three children being the number desired by couples. Tis means that birth rates are over 60 per cent higher than if unwanted births were avoided. As only 35 per cent of women receive an education, this trend is likely to continue.


54 ELECTIVE 5 PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT Male Female


Ethiopia – 2030


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