Introduction
Migration refers to the movement of people from one area to another over a long-term period. Throughout history, humans have migrated to every part of the globe in search of basic items such as food and shelter, or in search of riches in the formation of large empires.
The first migrants were our ancestors who migrated from the East African Rift Valley to Europe and Asia, before spreading out across the entire globe. More recent trends have shown a movement from rural areas to cities and from the
: Fig. 3.1 Refugees fleeing Syria
less developed countries of the South to the more developed countries of the North. This movement of people has major impacts on both the receiver/ host regions and the donor regions – some positive and some negative. In order to progress through this chapter, it is important that you understand the key definitions in the table below.
Migration Migrant
Emigration Immigration
Barriers to migration
GEO DICTIONARY
Receiver/host region: the area people migrate to
Donor region: the area people migrate from
Refugee: a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution or natural disasters
Asylum seeker: a person who has left their home country as a political refugee and is looking for sanctuary in another country
Temporary migration
Voluntary migration
The movement of people from one region to another over a long-term period, for a variety of reasons
A person who moves from one place to another in order to find work or a better standard of living
People who leave a region (E for exit) People who come into a region (I for in)
A factor that makes migration difficult or impossible, e.g. immigration laws, cost of travel, distance, family ties
The repetitive movement of a migrant worker between home and host areas, e.g. someone who works away from home during the week and returns during the weekend
Forced migration A person who is forced to leave their own country/region A person who freely decides to leave their own country/region
Net migration Push factor Pull factor Refugee
Also referred to as migration balance; this is the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants in a country/region
Factors that make a person/people want to leave a country/ region, e.g. war, famine, unemployment
Factors that attract a person/people to a region/country, e.g. employment opportunities, safety, religious freedom, better climate
Someone who leaves their country because of fear of persecution on the grounds of religion, race or politics; refugees are granted protection under international law not to be returned to their original situation
Asylum seeker Internally
displaced person (IDP)
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A person who has left their country and has applied for refugee status in the country to which they have moved
A person who is forced to leave their home due to persecution, conflict or environmental disaster but remains within their own country
ELECTIVE 5 PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
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