Developing ACTIVE LEARNING


1. What are the biggest challenges facing developing economies today?


2. Go to blogs. worldbank.org/ opendata/should- we-continue-use- term-developing- world for information on the ‘developing world’ and the ‘developed world’ and whether or not we should continue using such terms of description.


GEO DICTIONARY


Gross domestic product (GDP): the value of all goods and services produced in a country per year


Newly industrialised economy (NIE): a country which has relatively recently moved from an agriculturally based economy to an industrial one


Labour intensive: the need for a large workforce or amount of work to produce a product


In contrast to developed countries, developing countries face major challenges in, controlling population growth and increasing economic development. The majority of countries in the South are in Stage 2 or Stage 3 of the DTM. In the majority of these countries, 30 per cent of the population is less than 14 years old. Many of these countries experience government instability, social unrest, corruption and mismanagement of resources. This makes economic development extremely difficult as MNCs are reluctant to invest in these countries as a result. This leaves huge numbers unemployed. These people move to cities in search of employment and a higher standard of living. Cities in the developing world can double their population in less than 15 years, which causes issues such as overcrowding and violence, e.g. São Paolo in Brazil or Mexico City. This overpopulation puts pressure on food resources, housing and sanitary systems which in turn causes malnutrition and disease.


With fewer jobs in industry in the developing world, the small proportion of well-educated people emigrate to the developed world where well- paid employment is available. This leads to a brain drain and makes the region less attractive for MNCs.


Quickly Developing


The newly industrialised economies (NIE) of the world are mainly located in Asia, in particular in China. Labour-intensive industries have located here to avail of low wages and cheap resources. While this high level of investment has aided the development of these economies, there are concerns regarding poor working conditions and the degradation of these countries’ environments.


Over 80 per cent of all people live on less than $10 a day.


The poorest 40 per cent of the world’s population accounts for 5 per cent of global income.


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ELECTIVE 5 PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT


A


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