GEO NUMERACY
Example of birth rate: a population of 50,000 has 1,000 babies born in a year
50,000 = 50 groups of 1,000
Divide the number of births (1,000) by the number of groups of 1,000 (50)
i.e. –––– 50
1,000
This gives us 20 births per 1,000
i.e. for every 1,000 people there were 20 babies born.
GEO NUMERACY
Example of death rate: a population of 50,000 has 800 deaths in a year
50,000 = 50 groups of 1,000
Divide the number of deaths (800) by the number of groups of 1000 (50) 800
i.e.
––– 50
This gives us 16 births per 1,000 i.e. for every 1,000 people there were 16 deaths.
1.4 Measuring Population Change
Population growth is affected by: l
Birth rates Birth Rates
Birth rate, also known as fertility rate, refers to the number of live births per thousand in a country/area in a year. In 2014 Ireland’s birth rate was 14.4 babies born per 1,000 people, which was well above the EU average of 10.1.
For example, an area with a population of 50,000 has 50 groups of 1,000. If there were 1,000 babies born that year, the birth rate is calculated as shown in the Geo Numeracy box.
Death Rates
Death rate, also known as mortality rate, refers to the number of deaths per thousand in a country/area in a year. For example, an area with a population of 50,000 has 800 deaths per year. The death rate is calculated as shown in the Geo Numeracy box.
Natural Increase
A natural increase occurs when the birth rate of a country is higher than its death rate, e.g. Ireland has a birth rate of 15.9 and a death rate of 6.37. Therefore, Ireland has a natural increase of 9.53 per thousand.
Natural Decrease
A natural decrease occurs when the death rate of a country is higher than its birth rate, e.g. Italy has a birth rate of 9.23 and a death rate of 10.9. Therefore, Italy has a natural decrease of 1.67 per thousand.
l Death rates.
GEO DICTIONARY
Birth rate: the number of live births per thousand in a country/area in a year
Death rate: the number of deaths per thousand in a country/area in a year
Natural increase: when a country has a higher number of births than deaths
Natural decrease: when a country has a higher number of deaths than births
ACTIVE LEARNING
1. Calculate the birth rates for the following: Births 4,500; Population 73,000 Births 15,000; Population 108,000 Births 11,500; Population 52,500.
2. Calculate the death rates for the following: Deaths 1,000; Population 72,000 Deaths 970; Population 45,000 Deaths 1,257; Population 39,725.
10
ELECTIVE 5 PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
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A
9
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