Elective 5: Human CHAPTER 4


EXAM FOCUS


HIGHER LEVEL


colder [2m]. The lowland areas here might have been ideal for settlement but for the poor drainage evident from the marsh lakes at Q 47 06 and Q 48 06 [2m].


Reason 2


This area has an absence of communications, making it difficult to access and somewhat isolated [2m]. There is only one road, the R560, which passes through a valley carved out by Garfinny River [2m]. Settlements need communication links for day-to- day life, such as commuting to work or school, while developed transport links also allow for more efficient trade and access to markets [2m]. During the winter months, the R560 would be more prone to ice and snow, as temperatures would be lower in upland regions. This, combined with the steep profile of the road, would make journeys dangerous [2m]. Linear settlement typically develops along main roadways; however, there is an abrupt decline of settlement north of northing 03 as the road passes through a narrow valley which does not provide ideal sites for building [2m].


Reason 3


The soil in this area of the map is unproductive for agriculture [2m]. Ireland’s first settlers were farmers who chose low- lying fertile soils to build their first settlements. Heavy relief rainfall in the upland areas means the soil is heavily leached and unproductive for agriculture [2m]. There is evidence of coniferous forestry at Q 44 06, which is typically planted in unproductive agricultural soil [2m]. In the areas with higher altitude, there are no forestry plantations as the land is too thin and temperatures are too cold. Therefore, the land is commercially useless and not suitable for settlement [2m]. On the steepest slopes, such as at Q 50 05, there is a potential hazard as mudslides and landslides could be triggered by heavy rainfall [2m].


Marks Awarded


OS map evidence @ 2m Reason identified @ 2m Explanation: Best 13 SRPs @ 2m each Total 30/30


The answer selects three specific reasons for the low population density in that area of the map. All of these reasons are linked by a single factor: the upland relief of the region. Evidence given from the map shows grid- referencing skills and also an awareness of the functions of settlement. Evidence from the map is also explained in a common- sense manner, which shows an ability to use evidence to form conclusions regarding the settlement.


SETTLEMENT 131


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