l


Space is limited in the CBD, meaning buildings are mainly multi-storey. Due to the high demand for office/ business space, rents are high.


l


Typically, businesses with a high customer threshold locate here, as it is easily accessible.


l


The commercial areas of modern cities can be stretched out along streets and roads called commercial ribbons. These commercial ribbons can contain commercial centres, such as shopping centres. Shopping centres are multi-retail outlets that usually locate on the outskirts of urban areas where land prices are cheaper and there is room for parking, facilities and future expansion.


In the past, industries located close to the CBD near railway links and canals. However, modern industries now locate in industrial estates on the outskirts of towns where land prices are cheaper and there is easy access.


Industrial


From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in 1750, factories were built close to railway links and canals. These factories became the centre of economic activity in cities, with residential areas being built around them, close enough for workers to walk to work. Today most modern industries locate on the perimeters of cities, where land is cheaper, where ring roads and motorways provide easy access and where there is room for expansion. Heavy industries such as oil refineries, petrochemicals, steelworks and cement plants locate in parts of the city where bulky goods can be exported and raw materials can be imported, e.g. Aughinish Alumina is located along the Shannon Estuary.


Large industries that move from the city centre leave behind brownfield sites, which are targeted by urban planners for urban redevelopment. Modern industrial estates also offer the opportunity to create industrial links with other industries.


Residential


As population densities are high in cities and towns, residential land use is one of the largest functions in an urban area. Residential housing varies greatly in density throughout urban areas due to two main contributing factors: l


Cost of land l Age of area.


: Fig. 5.3 Aughinish Alumina is located on the outskirts of Limerick City.


GEO DICTIONARY


Brownfield site: land that was previously used for industrial activity, which has now been abandoned for more favourable locations elsewhere in the city


URBAN LAND USE AND PLANNING 135


: Fig. 5.2 The Guinness Brewery in St James’s Gate is an example of a traditional inner city industry.


Elective 5: Human CHAPTER 5


A


Z


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