Early Christian


Early Christian settlement is also evident on the map. In Ireland, Christian settlement dates back to 500 CE. As the Irish were converted to Christianity, churches were built, such as that located at Q 514 013 (Eaglais). Oſten these churches were built on low-lying land close to water. For example, this church is located less than 40 m above sea level and less than 500 m from the river Owenalondrig. Sites of churches grew into towns as people settled near them in hopes of receiving education, protection and alms. Early Christians oſten converted significant sites into Christian symbols, such as the erecting of a high cross (Lathair Luathre Chriostai at Q 063 426). Tey also converted important sites, such as wells into ‘holy wells’.


Section 4.2 Settlement Site and Situation


In this section, we will look at site and situation of settlements. Site


Site refers to the land or area on which the settlement is built. In describing site, we look at the main physical characteristics of an area. These characteristics explain why settlers were attracted to the area. There are several reasons: l


Nearby water: Settlements chose to locate close to rivers as they were a source of fresh water, a mode of transport for trade and a bridging point which was a natural meeting point.


l


Relief and altitude: Settlements are usually built on flat land as it is much easier to access and build on. The altitude of an area also determines its suitability for settlement. Areas of land below 200 m are usually more favourable as they are easier to build on and access and they allow for easier communication. Added to this, lowland areas are not as exposed to winds, meaning they have a more favourable climate than upland areas.


l


Aspect: Aspect refers to the direction a slope faces. As south-facing slopes receive more sunshine than north-facing slopes, they are preferable sites for settlement.


l


Flooding: Dry points are suitable for settlement as they are above the flood level of rivers and are usually well drained and gently sloping.


l


Coastal areas: Many of Ireland’s largest settlements are located alongside river mouths or sheltered bays which develop into centres of economic activities, e.g. fishing, trade, shipping.


; Fig. 4.12 What site advantages do each of these settlements have?


Marshland Routeway


SETTLEMENT 103


Elective 5: Human CHAPTER 4


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