HAIR CARE


products that are specific to the skin type as well as the hair type rather than the traditional hair types only, may provide a global solution for consumers.


References 1 Mintel Database. Category insights: shampoo and conditioner report, April 2014.


2 Mintel Database. Hair care report: China, May 2014.


3


Camera E, Ludovici M, Galante M, Sinagra JL, Picardo M. Comprehensive analysis of the major lipid classes in sebum by rapid resolution high- performance liquid chromatography and electrospray mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2010; 51 (11): 3377-88.


4 Wertz PW. Epidermal lipids. Semin Dermatol 1992; 11 (2): 106-13.


5


Pappas A. Epidermal surface lipids. Dermatoendocrinol 2009; 1 (2): 72-6.


6 Park JB et al. Co-incidence of seborrheic dermatitis and fungal infection and effect of combined treatment with oral minocycline and itraconazole. Ann Dermatol 2014; 26 (Suppl 1): 47.


7


Peyri J, Lleonart M. Clinical and therapeutic profile and quality of life of patients with seborrheic dermatitis. Actas Dermosifiliogr 2007; 98 (7): 476-82.


8


Godbehere A. Men with healthy scalp are rated as being more confident than men with dandruff; even when there are no visible symptoms. Ann Dermatol 2014; 26 (1): 32.


9


Piérard GE, Piérard-Franchimont C, Marks R, Paye M, Rogiers V. EEMCO guidance for the in vivo assessment of skin greasiness. The EEMCO Group. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 2000; 13 (6): 372-89.


10 Saint-Leger D. Normal and pathologic sebaceous function. Research in a shallow milieu? Pathol Biol (Paris) 2003; 51 (5): 275-8.


11 Yamamoto A, Takenouchi K, Ito M. Impaired water barrier function in acne vulgaris. Arch Dermatol Res 1995; 287 (2): 214-8.


12 Park HK, Ha MH, Park SG et al. Characterization of the fungal microbiota (mycobiome) in healthy and dandruff-afflicted human scalps. PLoS One 2012; 7 (2): e32847.


13 McGinley KJ, Leyden JJ, Marples RR, Kligman AM. Quantitative microbiology of the scalp in non- dandruff, dandruff, and seborrheic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 1975; 64 (6): 401-5.


14 Sugita T, Takashima M, Shinoda T et al. New yeast species, Malassezia dermatis, isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40 (4): 1363-7.


15 Gupta AK, Batra R, Bluhm R, Boekhout T, Dawson TL Jr. Skin diseases associated with Malassezia species. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 51 (5): 785-98.


16 Dell’Acqua G, Schweikert K. Panthenyl triacetate transformation, stimulation of metabolic pathways, and wound healing properties in the human skin. J Cosmet Sci 2012; 63: 1-13.


17 Brown GM, Reynolds JJ. Biogenesis of the water- soluble vitamins. Annu Rev Biochem 1963; 32: 419-62.


38 PERSONAL CARE September 2015


PC


The shampoo purifies the roots of the hair


The shampoo purifies the scalp


The shampoo reduced gently the excess sebum


The shampoo lets the hair clean


Figure 4: Volunteers’ satisfaction rate (Questionnaire analysis). Satisfaction rate (%)


n Shampoo placebo n Shampoo with active ingredients


18 Bin Saif GA, Ericson ME, Yosipovitch G. The itchy scalp – scratching for an explanation. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20 (12): 959-68.


19 Fujita F, Azuma T, Tajiri M et al. Significance of hair-dye base-induced sensory irritation. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010; 32 (3): 217-24.


20 Zouboulis CC. The sebaceous gland. Hautarzt 2010; 61 (6): 467-8, 4704, 476-7.


21 De Luca C, Valacchi G. Surface lipids as multifunctional mediators of skin responses to environmental stimuli. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010: 321494.


22 Proksch E, Nissen HP. Dexpanthenol enhances skin barrier repair and reduces inflammation after sodium lauryl sulphate-induced irritation. J Dermatolog Treat 2002; 13 (4): 173-8.


23 Gehring W, Gloor M, Effect of topically applied dexpanthenol on epidermal barrier function and stratum corneum hydration. Dermatological Drugs 2000; 659-663.


24 Beytia E, Qureshi AA, Porter JW. Squalene synthetase. 3: Mechanism of the reaction. J Biol Chem 1973; 248 (5): 1856-67.


25 Crick DC, Andres DA, Waechter CJ. Farnesol is utilized for protein isoprenylation and the biosynthesis of cholesterol in mammalian cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 211 (2): 590-9.


26 Fliesler SJ, Keller RK. Metabolism of [3H]farnesol to cholesterol and cholesterogenic intermediates in the living rat eye. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 210 (3): 695-702.


27 Ro BI, Dawson TL. The role of sebaceous gland activity and scalp microfloral metabolism in the etiology of seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2005; 10 (3): 194-7.


28 Jabra-Rizk MA, Meiller TF, James CE, Shirtliff ME. Effect of farnesol on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50 (4): 1463-9.


29 Unnanuntana A1, Bonsignore L, Shirtliff ME,


Greenfield EM. The effects of farnesol on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and osteoblasts: An in vitro study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009; 91 (11): 2683-92.


30 Jabra-Rizk MA, Shirtliff M, James C, Meiller T. Effect of farnesol on Candida dubliniensis biofilm formation and fluconazole resistance. FEMS Yeast Res 2006; 6 (7): 1063-73.


31 Yu LH, Wei X, Ma M, Chen XJ, Xu SB. Possible inhibitory molecular mechanism of farnesol on the development of fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans biofilm, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56 (2): 770-5.


32 Biro K, Thaçi D, Ochsendorf FR, Kaufmann R, Boehncke WH. Efficacy of dexpanthenol in skin protection against irritation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Contact Dermatitis 2003; 49 (2): 80-4.


33 Qamar W Sultana S. Farnesol ameliorates massive inflammation, oxidative stress and lung injury induced by intratracheal instillation of cigarette smoke extract in rats: an initial step in lung chemoprevention. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 176 (2-3): 79-87.


34 Lateef A, Rehman MU, Tahir M et al. Farnesol protects against intratracheally instilled cigarette smoke extract-induced histological alterations and oxidative stress in prostate of wistar rats. Toxicol Int 2013; 20 (1): 35-42.


35 Thiele JJ, Schroeter C, Hsieh SN, Podda M, Packer L. The antioxidant network of the stratum corneum. Curr Probl Dermatol 2001; 29: 26-42.


36 Thiele JJ, Weber SU, Packer L. Sebaceous gland secretion is a major physiologic route of vitamin E delivery to skin. J Invest Dermatol 1999; 113 (6): 1006-10.


37 Ekanayake-Mudiyanselage S, Thiele JJ, Sebaceous glands as transporters of vitamin E. Hautarzt 2006; 57 (4): 291-6.


38 Schaefer H, Kuhn-Bussius H. A method for the quantitative determination of human sebum secretion. Arch Klin Exp Dermatol 1970; 238 (4): 429-35.


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