MARINE INGREDIENTS AVERAGE THIGH PERIMETER (WOMEN). CENTIMETERS
0 -1 -2 -3
D28 D56 AVERAGE HIPS PERIMETER (MENS). CENTIMETERS
-0. 9
1.0*
-1. 9
1.4* Placebo Active Placebo -2. 7 Active
AVERAGE ABDOMEN PERIMETER (WOMEN). CENTIMETERS D28
0 -1 -2 -3
D56
-0. 6
1.4*
-2. 0
Placebo Active
-0. 7
-1. 3
0 -1 -2 -3
D28
-0. 8
0.7
-1. 5
1.3* Placebo Active Placebo D56
61
the mature adipocyte culture at the highest active concentration (0.56%), compared to the control. These extremely high values were seen because the level of UCP1 gene expression in the control culture was near zero. These results indicate that this active
-1. 2
4 Active
AVERAGE ABDOMEN PERIMETER (MENS). CENTIMETERS D28
2.2* Placebo -2. 9 Active
0 -1 -2 -3
D56
-0. 6
1.2
-1. 8
1.7 Placebo Active Placebo 5 Active
Figure 6: Average values for reductions in centimeters in the outline of the thighs, hips and abdomen, obtained after 1 month (D28) and 2 months (D56) of treatment with Tisochrysis lutea extract and placebo. The centimetric differences obtained by Tisochrysis lutea extract versus the placebo are also shown, within the violet circles. The majority of differences are statistically significant (*P<0.05).
■ B-oxidation of fatty acids: Variation in CCPM (corrected counts per minute)/μg protein of mature and pre-adipocytes.
In vitro results & discussion To demonstrate the activation of beige adipocytes and thermogenesis, the evaluation
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included the following 4 steps: Expression of key genes in the thermogenesis process This step was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gene expression increased by 2,094% in preadipocyte cultures and by 537% in
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extracted from Tisochrysis lutea activates the genetic program of the beige adipocytes in the white adipose tissue.
-0. 9
Expression of key proteins in the thermogenesis process The expression of both proteins increased dose-dependently. This was by 50% in preadipocytes and by 378% in mature adipocytes. The same pattern was observed for VDAC, whose expression increased by 22% in preadipocytes and by 139% in mature adipocytes. The increase in UCP1 expression after incubation with the active is clearly visible in the microscope images of the treated adipocyte cultures (Figures 3 and 4), compared with untreated cultures (Figures 1 and 2). These results indicate that the gene expression induced by the active extracted from Tisochrysis lutea translates into an increase in the production of proteins essential for thermogenesis.
Biogenesis of new mitochondria Mitochondria are the most important organelles in the processes of respiration and thermogenesis. By using a specific marker, we were able to demonstrate that the increase in the expression of the VDAC protein caused by the active resulted in a significant increase in the number of active mitochondria in the cells. The blue stains visible in the upper panel
are cell nuclei. The active mitochondria are visible in the lower panel as bright red-yellow stains.
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www.personalcaremagazine.com September 2021 PERSONAL CARE
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