38 HYGIENE
and cosurfactants, which allow solubilisation. The combined effect of the ingredients favours the dispersion of the fatty and viscous phases.
Silicone Although some silicones are easily cleaned, numerous products on the market are formulated to be extremely hydrophobic. This makes for great water-proof products but at the same time makes it harder to clean those products from equipment surfaces. Cleaning is achieved using a selected mixture of surfactants.
High pigment loads Many pigments are based on inorganic materials such as iron oxide. Although they provide beautiful colours, they can leave behind residues or a thin film of powder on equipment surfaces that is difficult to remove chemically. Effective cleaning is achieved through the synergistic action between surfactants and chelating agents.
High mineral loads Content, such as clay, mica and kaolin can leave a residue on equipment surfaces. Although its easily wiped away by hand, it can be very difficult to remove chemically due to its inert nature. Cleaning is achieved using the synergistic action between surfactants and chelating agents. Overall, the personal care industry can be described as highly innovative and agile, with challenging soils and ingredients that are often very hard to remove. Consequently, highly effective detergents are required to address its cleaning challenges. The cleaning standards for the industry are
set by the ISO 22716 / 2007: Cosmetics - Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) [1]
,
where cleaning is described as “all operations that ensure a level of cleanliness and appearance consisting of separating and eliminating generally visible dirt from a surface” (section 2.8). Moreover, this guide outlines that
where equipment is assigned to continuous production or production of successive batches of the same product, equipment should be cleaned and, if necessary, sanitised at appropriate intervals.1 The IFS HPC - Standard for auditing
products/processes of suppliers manufacturing household and personal care products outlines in section 4.6.1: “…that based on hazard analysis and assessment of associated risk, cleaning and disinfection schedules shall be available and implemented. These shall specify data including the products utilized for cleaning and their instructions for use as well as the areas to be cleaned and / or disinfected. Also, the cleaning frequency shall be specified”.2 There are different guidance documents outlining how to implement and maintain cleaning and hygiene procedures. Beside others, the suppliers of detergents and disinfectants can be used to service the implementation of a certain standard, to ensure that all the requirements are met.
PERSONAL CARE January 2021 DEO STICK WITH SILICONES
Before Cleaning
After cleaning with a nonspecific detergent, at 60°C
After cleaning with a special formulated detergent, at 60°C
Figure 2: Stainless steel coupons to compare cleaning performances of a nonspecific detergent and a detergent formulated specifically for removing silicone-based products.
PIGMENTED SUNSCREEN
Before Cleaning
After cleaning with a nonspecific detergent, at 80°C
Process equipment: common challenges and requirements As so many different products are manufactured by the personal care industry, there is also a broad variety of process equipment in this industry. The different equipment ranges from simple small parts (buckets, beaker, spoons), mixers, up to highly dedicated dissolvers and homogenisers. All have their specific challenges with
regards to cleaning and disinfection because they are predominantly designed to produce specified product formulations. In the past, cleaning of these vessels was commonly an afterthought and hence, a lot of in-use systems require significant cleaning. In reality, many plants within the industry
are still operating with non-hygienically designed equipment that creates cleaning
After cleaning with a special formulated detergent, at 80°C
Figure 3: Stainless steel coupons to compare cleaning performances of a nonspecific detergent and a detergent formulated specifically for removing high pigment loads.
and sanitisation challenges. Some common examples are dead legs in piping, dead/shadow spots within cleaning cycles, no circulation or CIP cleaning possibilities. For new equipment, the recommendation
is to follow the EHEDG (European Hygienic Engineering & Design Group) guidelines on equipment.6 Within the cosmetic GMP today, the
equipment requirements are defined in section 5: “Equipment should be suitable for the intended purpose and capable of being cleaned and, if necessary, sanitized and maintained.”
Initial guidance for an optimised cleaning procedure Any hygiene procedure on a personal care site requires cleaning process understanding to ensure reliable and consistent cleaning
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