which does not change significantly over the pro- jection horizon to 2030. Aside from considerations of food security, a key


question that remains with regard to the anticipated boom of fish farming is the issue of the environmen- tal effects of such large-scale expansion stemming both from inland freshwater aquaculture and farms in sensitive coastal areas. Even despite the negative environmental impacts that can occur from fish farming activities, it is our view that aquaculture is an efficient way to source the necessary animal protein and that it compares favorably with other livestock systems.14 Aquaculture is also a comparatively young sector compared with land-based livestock oper- ations. At the same time there have been tremen- dous improvements within the industry in terms of


controlling disease while lowering the use of antibiot- ics, as well as in improving feeding efficiencies across all species of aquaculture. Tere is also ongoing work at CGIAR centers to identify strategies and technol- ogies that can sustainably achieve the future of aqua- culture envisioned in this chapter.15


Continuing Growth in Asia: Rapid Sectoral Change One of the remarkable aspects of global fish markets over the past 20 years is the phenomenal growth of aquaculture production in Asia, including the emerging economies of South and Southeast Asia. Countries like Tailand and Vietnam are global lead- ers in high-value aquaculture, supplying a significant share of global production for species like shrimp, tilapia, and pangasius. By focusing on the global


FIGURE 3 Major producers of pangasius (catfish) from aquaculture (‘000 tons) 1,200 VIETNAM 1,000


800 CHINA 600


400 200


INDONESIA US


THAILAND 0 1994 1999 2004


MALAYSIA NIGERIA BANGLADESH UGANDA INDIA


2009


Source: Author calculations based on Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FIGIS—FishStat database (latest update: January 31, 2014), http://data.fao.org/ref/babf3346-ff2d-4e6c-9a40-ef6a50fcd422.html?version=1.0.


66 THEROLEOF FISHINGLOBALFOOD SECURITY


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