Hunger (Bonn; Washington, DC; and Dublin: Welthungerhilfe, International Food Policy Research Institute, and Concern World- wide, 2014).
2 I. Hilton, “The Dark Side of China’s Economic Boom: A Pollution and Health Crisis,” Chinadialogue Blog, August, 9, 2014. www.
chinadialogue.net/blog/7283-The-dark-side-of-China-s-econom- ic-boom-a-pollution-and-health-crisis/en; and K. Prakash-Mani and T. Tanvir, “How Can We Strengthen Food in South-East Asia?” World Economic Forum Blog, May 19, 2014, http://forumblog. org/2014/05/future-agriculture-east-asia/.
3 A. Jones, “Why McDonald’s Same-Store Sales Declined,” Mar- ket Realist, October 31, 2014,
http://marketrealist.com/2014/10/ mcdonalds-store-sales-declined/.
4 Ibid.
5 J. Hussain Mir, “Challenges to Food Security in East Asia,” World Economic Forum Blog, May 21, 2014,
http://forumblog.org/2014/05/ challenges-food-security-east-asia/; Asian Development Bank, Food Security in Asia and the Pacific (Mandaluyong City, Philip- pines: ADB, 2013); and Economist Intelligence Unit, Food Secu- rity in Focus: Asia & Pacific 2014 (London, New York, Hong Kong, Geneva: Economist Intelligence Unit Limited, 2014).
6 Global Harvest Initiative, 2014 Global Agricultural Productivity Report (Washington, DC: 2014).
7 D. Gunasekera and D. Newth, “Asia’s Nutrition Time Bomb,” East Asian Forum Quarterly 6, no. 3 (July–September, 2014): 23–25.
8 K. von Grebmer et al., 2014.
9 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Inter- national Fund for Agricultural Development, and United Nations World Food Programme, The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2014. Strengthening the Enabling Environment for Food Security and Nutrition (Rome: FAO, 2014).
10 Y. Wang, “Asia Faces Future of Dwindling Fish Stocks,” Chi- nadialogue Blog, March 18, 2014,
www.chinadialogue.net/ blog/6832-Asia-faces-future-of-dwindling-fish-stocks/en.
11 World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and International Food Policy Research Institute, Fish to 2030: Prospective for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Report 83177- GLB, Agricultural and Environmental Services Discussion Paper 03 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013).
12 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO Rice Market Monitor, October 2014, Volume XVII, no. 3 (2014),
www.fao.org/economic/est/publications/rice-publications/ rice-market-monitor-rmm/en/.
13 P. Temphairojana, “Update 1—Thailand’s Junta to Lend Farmers $345 Mln to Battle Loan Sharks,” Reuters, August 26, 2014,
www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/26/ thailand-economy-debt-idUSL3N0QW31V20140826.
14 A. Phoonphongphiphat, “Thailand Rice Scheme Losses $9.9 Billion and Rising: State Bank,” Reuters, Septem- ber 17, 2014,
www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/17/ us-thailand-rice-debt-idUSKBN0HC10Q20140917.
15 E. Dela Cruz, “Philippines Abandons Timeframe for Rice Self-Suffi- ciency,” Reuters, July 9, 2014,
www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/09/ us-philippines-rice-imports-idUSKBN0FE0K820140709.
16 These challenges include a highly skewed land distribution, poor water control systems, a high-cost transportation system, weak rural financial institutions, unpredictable and uneven implemen- tation of new government policies, low public investments in agri- cultural research, and weak links between extension services and farmers.
17 Economist Intelligence Unit, Food Security in Focus: Asia & Pacific 2014 (London, New York, Hong Kong, Geneva: Economist Intelli- gence Unit Limited, 2014).
18 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “ASEAN Ministers of Agriculture and Forestry Consider ASEAN Vision and Strategic Plan towards 2025 in Food, Agriculture and Forestry, and the Zero Hunger Challenge,” September 23, 2014,
www.fao.org/ asiapacific/news/detail-events/en/c/247798/.
19 International Food Policy Research Institute, 2013 Global Food Pol- icy Report (Washington, DC: IFPRI, 2014).
20 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, A Regional Rice Strategy for Sustainable Food Security in Asia and the Pacific, RAP Publication 2014/05 (Rome: FAO, 2014).
21 B. Tolentino, “ASEAN Cooperation Is Crucial to Global Food Security,” East Asia & Pacific on the Rise, May 25, 2014,
http://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/ asean-cooperation-crucial-global-food-security.
Latin America and the Caribbean
1 M. Zeigler and G. Truitt Nakata, The Next Global Breadbasket: How Latin America Can Feed the World—A Call to Action for Addressing Challenges & Developing Solutions (Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, 2014).
2 The Zero Hunger (Fome Zero) Program created a policy framework that introduced new interventions for smallholders and linked poverty reduction and income generation to expanding food security for the country’s vulnerable population. The program had three key pillars: (1) the Bolsa Família (the world’s largest condi- tional cash transfer program); (2) the Alimentação Escolar (school meal) program; and (3) the Fortalecimento da Agricultura Famil- iar (strengthening family agriculture) pillar, which is intended to strengthen and stimulate small-scale and family-based agriculture in order to increase the quality and quantity of the food sup- ply, and to support increased incomes for rural households. This third program includes subsidized credit, training and technical assistance, insurance for small-scale and family farmers, and the Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos da Agricultura Familiar (PAA) (Family Agriculture Food Procurement Program), which aims to ensure a stable market price for products from small-scale farm- ers—for example, by buying local food products for government feeding programs or for local food banks.
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