Although it is expected to be a weak event this time around, repercussions of such shocks on marine ecological systems are not negligible, and the effects on both marine-based capture and aquaculture are felt globally.
Agreements on Sustainable Seafood Improved management and oversight of the global fishing sector is absolutely critical and is an issue with relatively broad agreement across key stake- holders. Te seriousness of the overexploitation of wild fisheries is well demonstrated by the prolifera- tion of international initiatives and other efforts to address them at all of the major international politi- cal and development organizations. A few are high- lighted below: X
TABLE 1 Projections of fish production to 2030 under baseline scenario
2010–2030 increase in production (million tons)
Africa south of the Sahara Middle East and North Africa India
Other South Asia Southeast Asia Japan China
Te United Nations (UN) convened two working group meetings in 2014 to discuss the possibility of adding more instruments protecting biodiver- sity to the UN Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
X
FAO has in place a Blue Growth initiative as a cohesive approach to the sustainable, integrated, and socioeconomically sensitive management of the oceans.
X
Te Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) promotes its own Green Growth Strategy.
X
Te World Bank’s Global Partnership for Oceans has organized a pioneering blue ribbon panel and recently published a report that offers guidance on how best to enable and spread the uptake of sustainable practices in the fisheries value chain.9 Te panel represents a significant dia- logue between academic experts, major pol- icy institutions like the World Bank, and key private-sector representatives.
X
On January 1, 2014, the European Union began implementing its new Common Fisheries Policy, which aims to ultimately eliminate discards and set capture production at the maximum sustain- able yield in order to conserve stocks.
If the efforts listed above prove to be successful,
the benefits of improved management could be sig- nificant. FAO estimates that rebuilding wild stocks
Other East Asia and Pacific Latin America and Caribbean North America
Europe and Central Asia Rest of the world Global total
0.3 0.8 4.8 2.4 7.9
(0.5) 16.5 0.3 2.1 0.2 0.8 0.0
35.7
2010–2030 increase in production (%)
4
22 60 32 38 −9 31 7
11 4 6 1
24
Share of 2010– 2030 increase coming from
aquaculture (%)
64 97 98 82 97
–
101 105 94
103 122 60
100
Source: S. Msangi, M. Kobayashi, M. Batka, S. Vannuccini, M. M. Dey, and J. L. Anderson, Fish to 2030: Prospects for Fisheries and Aquaculture, World Bank Report No. 83177-GLB (Washing- ton, DC: World Bank, 2013).
Note: For Japan, there is an overall decrease in production (indicated by the parentheses). For that reason, the share of increase coming from aquaculture has been omitted.
would result in an additional global catch worth $32 billion annually.10
PROSPECTS FOR FISH AND AQUACULTURE IN EMERGING ECONOMIES
Global Prospects to 2030: Implications for Nutrition In the recently published global outlook report entitled Fish to 2030, the overwhelming majority of the projected increase in global fish production is expected to come from aquaculture—as it has for the past several decades.11 Table 1 shows the produc- tion gains from various regions of the world and the share that comes from aquaculture. While small gains in capture production are feasi- ble in a limited number of regions, it is projected that
THE RISE OF AQUACULTURE 63
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