Chapter 8 THE RISE OF AQUACULTURE
The Role of Fish in Global Food Security
Siwa Msangi and Miroslav Batka
SUMMARY Appetite for fish continues to expand around the globe, despite the stagnant levels of capture fish production. What is the role that aquaculture can play in supplying the world with adequate animal protein? What lessons can be drawn from dynamic Asian aquaculture producers that might guide emerging fish farmers in Africa and elsewhere?
I
n many of the developing and developed regions of the world, the demand for fish has continued to grow. Given population growth, expanding urbanization, and rising incomes in the developing world, this
trend is expected to continue. Because levels of capture fish production have stagnated over the past decades,1 the world will thus be more dependent on aquaculture in the coming decades. For the first time in history, more fish for human consumption have originated from farms than from wild capture, hav- ing reached almost parity in 2012 according to the latest global report from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).2 Te fishery and aquaculture sector is therefore finding itself at critical crossroads, and at a time when it is facing rapid technological change, increasing demand, and rising feed prices. Te importance of fish and fishery-based activities to food security in
less-developed countries is particularly prominent in those communities engag- ing in small- to medium-scale operations in Africa and Asia. Tis is the result of both the consumption of fish that takes place in the households engaged in fishing operations as well as the income that these households generate. It has been noted that within populations engaged heavily in fishing activities, the fish from small- scale fisheries represent an essential component of animal protein intake and also provide a wide array of essential nutrients.3 Te intake of fish from consumption by producers is oſten underestimated in global statistics, which tend to ignore the catch levels that come from small-scale fisheries—especially those that are inland.4 A report from a high-level panel of experts shows that, given that more than 80 percent of global aquaculture production is produced by small- to
Siwa Msangi is senior research fellow and Miroslav Batka is research analyst, Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC.
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139