14 Ibid. 15 Ibid.
16 H. Alderman and T. Haque, “Countercyclical Safety Nets for the Poor and Vulnerable,” Food Policy 34, no. 4 (2006): 372–383.
17 Biometric innovations like India’s Aadhar program are still being rolled out and need to be evaluated. For a range of issues in iden- tification, see C. Dunning, A. Gelb, and S. Raghavan, Birth Regis- tration, Legal Identity and the Post-2015 Agenda, CDG Policy Paper 046 (Washington, DC: Center for Global Development, 2014), accessed October 14, 2014,
http://international.cgdev.org/sites/ default/files/birth-registration-legal-identity.pdf.
18 For a detailed discussion, see R. Kanbur, “Social Protection: Con- sensus and Challenges,” in Towards Human Development: New Approaches to Macroeconomics and Inequality, edited by G.A. Cornia and F. Stewart, 86–98 (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2014).
19 R. Kanbur, “Conceptualising Social Security and Income Redistribution.”
20 A. Fiszbein and N. Schady, Conditional Cash Transfers: Reducing Present and Future Poverty, Policy Research Report No. 47603. (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2009).
21 See, for example, A. St. Thomas, “Cash, Food, or Vouchers?” IFPRI blog, November 1, 2013,
www.ifpri.org/blog/cash-food-or-vouch- ers, and related papers: J. Hoddinott and A. Margolis, Costing Alternative Transfer Mechanisms, IFPRI Discussion Paper 1375 (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2014); M. Hidrobo, J. Hoddinott, A. Peterman, A. Margolies, and V. Moreira, “Cash, Food, or Vouchers? Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Northern Ecuador,” Journal of Development Eco- nomics 107 (2014): 144–156; and J. Hoddinott, S. Sandstrom, and J. Upton, The Impact of Cash and Food Transfers: Evidence from a Randomized Intervention in Niger, IFPRI Discussion Paper 1341 (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2014).
22 M. Adato and L. Bassett, Social Protection and Cash Transfers to Strengthen Families Affected by HIV and AIDS (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2012).
23 Independent Evaluation Group, Social Safety Nets: An Evaluation of World Bank Support, 2000–2010, Working Paper 67286 (Wash- ington, DC: World Bank, 2011).
24 Ibid.
25 United Nations, Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, “Introduction to the Proposal of the Open Working Group.”
26 The proposal for SPAP and a global facility for maintaining social protection at times of crisis is made in R. Kanbur, “Stress Testing for the Poverty Impacts of the Next Crisis,” in Knowing, When You Do Not Know, edited by A. Narayan and C.Sánchez-Páramo (Wash- ington, DC: World Bank, 2012), 50–55.
CHAPTER 6
1 T. Kuchenmüller, S. Hird, C. Stein, P. Kramarz, A. Nanda, A. H. Havelaar, “Estimating the Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases–A Collaborative Effort,” Euro Surveillance 14, no.18 (2009): 19195.
2 HM Government of the United Kingdom, Elliott Review into the Integrity and Assurance of Food Supply Networks–Final Report, (London: UK Government, 2014).
3 World Health Organization (WHO), Global Health Estimates 2014 Summary Tables, accessed November 3, 2014,
www.who.int/ healthinfo/global_burden_disease/en/.
4 WHO, Food Borne Disease Surveillance: Burden of Food Borne Diseases, accessed November 1, 2014,
www.who.int/ foodborne_disease/burden/en/.
5 K. Roesel and D. Grace, Food Safety and Informal Markets: Animal Products in Sub-Saharan Africa (London: Routledge, forthcoming, 2015).
6 WHO, Global Health Estimates 2014 Summary Tables, accessed November 3, 2014,
www.who.int/healthinfo/ global_burden_disease/en/.
7 M. Hugas and P. A. Beloeil, “Controlling Salmonella along the Food Chain in the European Union–Progress Over the Last Ten Years,” Eurosurveillance 19, no. 19 (2014): 20804.
8 D. J. Hunter and K. S. Reddy, “Noncommunicable Diseases,” New England Journal of Medicine 369, no. 14 (2013): 1336–1343.
9 S. Hoffmann and T. D. Anekwe, Making Sense of Recent Cost-of- Foodborne-Illness Estimates, EIB-118 (Washington, DC: US Depart- ment of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2013).
10 M. McPherson, M. D. Kirk, J. Raupach, B. Combs, and J. R. Butler, “Economic Costs of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli Infec- tion in Australia,” Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 8, no. 1 (2011): 55–62.
11 M. Wierup and S. Widell, “Estimation of Costs for Control of Sal- monella in High-Risk Feed Materials and Compound Feed,” Infec- tion Ecology & Epidemiology 4 (2014): 10.3402/iee.v4.23496.
12 WHO, Global Health Estimates 2014 Summary Tables, accessed November 3, 2014,
www.who.int/healthinfo/ global_burden_disease/en/.
13 L. Unnevehr and N. Hirschhorn, Food Safety Issues in the Develop- ing World, Technical Paper No. 469 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2000).
14 S. Kaitibie, A. Omore, K. Rich, and P. Kristjanson, “Kenya Dairy Policy Change: Influence Pathways and Economic Impacts,” World Development 38, no. 10 (2010): 1494–1505.
15 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Livestock 2011—Livestock in Global Food Security (Rome: FAO, 2011), accessed November 1, 2014,
www.fao.org/docrep/014/ i2373e/i2373e.pdf.
16 International Risk Governance Council (IRGC), The Emergence of Risks: Contributing Factors (Geneva: 2010).
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