9 Global Information and Early Warning Systems, Egypt, accessed October 8, 2014,
www.fao.org/giews/earthobservation/country/ index.jsp?lang=en&code=EGY.
10 Global Information and Early Warning Systems, Saudi Arabia, accessed October 8, 2014,
www.fao.org/giews/earthobservation/ country/index.jsp?lang=en&code=SAU.
11 See recommendations of the Food Secure Arab World conference at
www.arabspatial.org.
12 C. Benedict, D. Coady, S. Fabrizio, S. Gupta, T. Alleyne, and C. Sdra- levich, Energy Subsidy Reform: Lessons and Implications (Washing- ton, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2013).
13 The numbers correspond to rankings across all countries in the world, with the scale ranging from 0 (lowest) to 100 (highest). Thus, a country at the sixtieth percentile is doing better than 60 percent of all countries.
14 See Marsoum 41:
www.marsoum41.org/en.
Central Asia 1 International Food Policy Research Institute. Global Nutrition Report 2014: Actions and Accountability to Accelerate the World’s Progress on Nutrition (Washington, DC: IFPRI, 2014).
2 According to WHO, countries are considered to be facing micronu- trient deficiency-related public health threats if at least 10 percent of their children are deficient in vitamin A or if 20 percent or more of their children suffer from anemia. Food and Agricultural Orga- nization of the United Nations, The State of Food and Agriculture 2013: Food Systems for Better Nutrition (Rome: FAO 2013), www.
fao.org/docrep/018/i3300e/i3300e.pdf.
3 UNICEF, World Health Organization, and World Bank, Global Data- base on Child Growth and Malnutrition database, accessed Decem- ber 10, 2014,
www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/estimates2013/en/.
4 National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic, Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, and ICF International, Kyrgyz Demographic and Health Survey 2012, Preliminary Report, 2013, accessed December 10, 2014,
http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/ FR283/FR283.pdf; Statistical Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tajik- istan, and ICF International, Tajikistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012, Preliminary Report, accessed December 10, 2014,
http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR279/FR279.pdf.
5 Bank of Russia, 2014, Statistics, accessed December 15, 2014,
www.cbr.ru/statistics/?PrtId=svs and (in English)
www.cbr.ru/eng/ statistics/?PrtId=macro.
6 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Life in Transition: After the Crisis (London, 2011); and K. Akramov and G. Shreedhar, Economic Development, External Shocks and Food Security in Tajikistan (Washington, DC: IFPRI, 2012).
7 K. Akramov and M. Malek, “Agricultural Diversity, Dietary Diver- sity and Nutritional Outcomes: Empirical Evidence from Tajikistan,” paper presented at the Conference on Agricultural Transformation and Food Security in Central Asia, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, April 8–9, 2014.
8 K. Schwab and X. Sala-i-Martín, The Global Competitiveness Report 2014–2015 (Geneva: World Economic Forum, 2014), accessed September 2014,
www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global- CompetitivenessReport_2014-15.pdf. This report assesses the quality of roads on a scale from 1 to 7: 1 = extremely underdevel- oped—among the worst in the world; 7 = extensive and effi- cient—among the best in the world.
South Asia 1 Some 66 percent of eligible voters cast ballots in the election.
2 Government of India, Ministry of Finance, Pradhan Mantri Jan- Dhan Yojana: A National Mission on Financial Inclusion (New Delhi, India: 2014).
3 Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana official website, accessed Janu- ary 2014,
www.pmjdy.gov.in/account-statistics-country.aspx.
4 R. Zhong, “This Is Why India Has to Shrink the Sub- sidy Raj,” Wall Street Journal blog, July 7, 2014,
http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/07/07/ this-is-why-india-has-to-shrink-the-subsidy-raj/.
5 A. Mukherjee and N. Patel, FDI in Retail Sector: India, Working Paper (New Delhi: Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, 2005); and P. Sinha and A. Singhal, FDI in Retail in India: An Empirical Analysis, MPRA Paper No 46833 (New Delhi: Faculty of Management Studies, University of Delhi, 2013),
http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46833/.
6 International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applica- tions, Executive Summary: The Status of Commercialized Bt Brinjal in Bangladesh, ISAAA Brief 47-2014, accessed December 23, 2014,
www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/47/executivesum- mary/
default.asp.
7 Ibid.
8 International Rice Research Institute, “High-Zinc Rice,” accessed October 23, 2014,
http://irri.org/our-impact/making-rice-healthier/ high-zinc-rice.
9 Average rice contains 14–16 parts per million of zinc. See J. Josh, “Bangladesh Developed World’s First Zinc-enriched Rice Vari- ety,” August 26, 2013,
www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/ bangladesh-developed-worlds-first-zincenriched-rice-vari- ety-1377523748-1.
10 The term hidden hunger refers to a chronic lack of vitamins and minerals that severely affect human health. Zinc is one of the essential nutrients that supports growth and development in utero. Deficiency in this mineral leads to growth retardation, loss of appetite, and a reduced immune system.
East Asia
1 GDP growth was 6.9 percent in 2014. See World Bank, “Enhanc- ing Competitiveness in an Uncertain World,” East Asia Pacific Economic Update (Washington, DC: 2014),
www.worldbank.org/ en/region/eap/publication/east-asia-pacific-economic-update. On hunger and nutrition, see K. von Grebmer, A. Saltzman, E. Birol, D. Wiesmann, N. Prasai, S. Yin, Y. Yohannes, P. Menon, J. Thompson, and A. Sonntag, Global Hunger Index: The Challenge of Hidden
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