FIGURE 1 LAC exports to the world in trillions of calories


100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900


0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012


OCEANIA AFRICA


LAC EUROPE ASIA


NORTH AMERICA


Source: L. Deason and D. Laborde, Trading Food: A Nutritional Assessment, IFPRI Discussion Paper (Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, forthcoming).


implying additional losses for crops in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. Te numbers tell the story: because 1.9 million Central Americans rely on coffee as their main source of income,10 when demand for labor during this period decreased by 16–32 percent while wages decreased by 14–22 percent, 160,000 families found themselves facing food insecurity.11 Te year 2014 was also critical for weather shocks,


with organizations including the World Meteorolog- ical Organization, Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), and experts at the XLIV Foro del Clima de América Central all predicting El Niño to bring severe droughts in the region. By the close of July, it was estimated that the droughts had already affected 40,000 households in Guatemala


92 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENTS


and 72,000 in Honduras. By the end of August, the estimate for Guatemala had risen to 250,000 house- holds, according to Secretaría de Seguridad Ali- mentaria y Nutricional (SESAN). Maize losses that July were predicted to be 10 percent in El Salvador, 40 percent in Guatemala, and 70 percent in Hon- duras. By August, the estimate for Guatemala was updated to 70 percent, according to SESAN. Te droughts—particularly the negative eco-


nomic consequences they imposed on rural house- holds’ income-generating activities and purchasing power—may have constituted an important addi- tional factor behind the wave of unaccompanied alien children’s migration to the United States. Te number of such children from Central America


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100  |  Page 101  |  Page 102  |  Page 103  |  Page 104  |  Page 105  |  Page 106  |  Page 107  |  Page 108  |  Page 109  |  Page 110  |  Page 111  |  Page 112  |  Page 113  |  Page 114  |  Page 115  |  Page 116  |  Page 117  |  Page 118  |  Page 119  |  Page 120  |  Page 121  |  Page 122  |  Page 123  |  Page 124  |  Page 125  |  Page 126  |  Page 127  |  Page 128  |  Page 129  |  Page 130  |  Page 131  |  Page 132  |  Page 133  |  Page 134  |  Page 135  |  Page 136  |  Page 137  |  Page 138  |  Page 139