Agricultural Total Factor Productivity (TFP)
What do the acronyms TFP and PFP stand for? Total factor productivity (TFP) is the ratio between total output (crop and livestock products) to total production inputs (land, labor, capital, and materials). An increase in TFP implies that more output is being produced from a constant amount of resources used in the production process. Partial factor productivity (PFP) measures, such as labor and land pro- ductivity, are oſten used to measure agricultural-production performance because they are easy to estimate. Tese mea- sures of productivity normally show higher rates of growth than TFP because growth in land and labor productivity can result not only from increases in TFP but also from a more intensive use of inputs (such as fertilizer, machinery, and the like). Table 6 presents estimates of TFP and PFP measures for
developing countries for three sub-periods between 1991 and 2012 (1991–2000, 2001–2006, and 2007–2012) using data on outputs and inputs from the Food and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO). Two major changes with respect to estimates presented in previous numbers of the International Food Policy Research Insti- tute’s Global Food Policy Report are introduced here. Te first change relates to the dataset used, while the second change is methodological. Results confirm the strong performance of developing
regions during the 2000s, with peak performance occur- ring between 2001 and 2006. TFP growth in Africa south of the Sahara and Asia has remained strong between 2007 and 2012, while growth in Latin America and the Middle East and North Africa appears to be slowing down to the levels observed in the 1990s.
DATASET
As in previous versions of the TFP estimates, the output values are the FAO-constructed gross agricultural outputs, each of which is a composite of 190 crop and livestock com- modities aggregated using a constant set of global aver- age prices from 2004–2006. Inputs (as used in previous estimates and still used here) are agricultural land, mea- sured in hectares of cropland and permanent pasture; labor, measured by the number of economically active persons in agriculture; and fertilizer, measured by tons of fertilizer nutrients used.1 One of the changes introduced in the dataset is the use
of FAO’s new series of capital stock that aggregates quan- tity of physical assets at 2005 constant prices. Capital used in crop production from this series (land developments and equipment, plantation crops, and machinery and equip- ment) is now included as an input, replacing the more narrow category of machinery used in previous estimates. Similarly, livestock capital (animal stock, livestock struc- tures, and milking machines) is now used instead of ani- mal stock. Te second difference in the dataset is the increase in
the number of inputs to include animal feed, measured as the amount of edible commodities (from FAOSTAT food balance sheets) fed to livestock during the reference period. Quantities of the different types of feed are transformed into metric tons of maize equivalents using information regarding energy content for each commodity. Tis dataset of outputs and inputs was checked and cleaned using differ- ent statistical techniques.
Download data:
http://hdl.handle.net/1902.1/20518 Contact: Alejandro Nin-Pratt (
a.ninpratt@
cgiar.org)
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