B1 Techniques, strategies and fi tness for sports Open and closed skills


The performance of skills may be infl uenced by the environment. The environment can include other competitors, the weather and the terrain.


Open skills depend on changes in the environment. Performers have to adapt the skill according to what is happening at that moment. For example:


• a return in badminton completely depends on the opponent’s serve


• dribbling in football depends on the position, speed, skill and number of opponents.


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Closed skills are performed in a predictable environment. The performance of the skill does not have to be adapted. This means that performing the skill in competition will be just like it was in training.


• a fl oor routine in gymnastics


• the long jump (does not depend on other competitors but does depend on wind direction and speed).


Most skills have some closed and open aspects. It is not simply a choice of one or the other. The diagram shows where some skills lie on the line between open and closed skills. For example, taking a corner in football is partly closed, because the ball is always played from the same point, but partly open, as the player will deliver the ball diff erently depending on the opponents strengths and positions.


When sports are performed under pressure in front of spectators, even a mostly closed skill can be impacted by this environment.


CLOSED OPEN


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B1 Techniques, strategies and fi tness for sports


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