OO Vitamins are divided in two types: fat-soluble (A, D, E and K) and water-soluble (B and C). Each vitamin has a job to do (function) in the body and if you do not get enough, deficiency diseases can occur. Hypervitaminosis can occur if there is a build-up of vitamin A or D.
OO Minerals are classified as major (calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium) and trace (iron, zinc, fluoride and iodine), which may not be needed in as large amounts but are still very important to prevent deficiency diseases. Calcium is needed for healthy bones and teeth. Sources include milk, cheese, green vegetables and tinned fish – too little results in rickets and osteoporosis. Iron is needed to produce haemoglobin; it is sourced from offal, red meat, green vegetables and eggs. An iron deficiency could result in anaemia.
OO Water is in all drinks and most foods. It carries nutrients, oxygen, heat and waste around the body. Water boils at 100°C, freezes at 0°C and evaporates at temperatures above 100°C. If you do not have enough water you can become dehydrated.
OO Energy is the ability to do work. It is measured in kilocalories or kilojoules. Oxidation means using the food in the body to produce energy. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the least amount of energy needed to stay alive. The amount of energy a person needs depends on their age, size, gender and activity levels.
