Module 2: Behaviour problems................................................................................................31 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 32 1.1 Parenting styles ........................................................................................................................ 32 1.2 Pattern of moral development................................................................................................. 33 1.3 Discipline .................................................................................................................................. 34 1.4 Rules.......................................................................................................................................... 34


2. Causes of inappropriate behaviour ................................................................................................. 35 2.1 Development level.................................................................................................................... 35 2.2 The environment...................................................................................................................... 35 2.3 Unrealistic expectation of children ......................................................................................... 35 2.4 Health problems ....................................................................................................................... 35 2.5 Allergies and intolerance ......................................................................................................... 36 2.6 Attention ................................................................................................................................... 36 2.7 Confusing guidelines ................................................................................................................ 36 2.8 Messages that are inconsistent ................................................................................................ 36 2.9 Physical environment .............................................................................................................. 37 2.10 Meals ......................................................................................................................................... 37 2.11 Sensory deficiencies ................................................................................................................. 37 2.12 Oversensitivity to stimulation.................................................................................................. 38 2.13 Stress in the family................................................................................................................... 39


3. Techniques for dealing with misbehaviour ..................................................................................... 39 3.1 Reinforcement .......................................................................................................................... 40 3.2 Ignoring..................................................................................................................................... 40 3.3 Time out .................................................................................................................................... 40 3.4 Redirection................................................................................................................................ 41 3.5 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 42 3.6 Special time............................................................................................................................... 42 3.7 Star chart................................................................................................................................... 42 3.8 Taking away privileges............................................................................................................. 42 3.9 Corporal punishment ............................................................................................................... 42


4. Immature behaviour ......................................................................................................................... 46 4.1 Throwing tantrums .................................................................................................................. 46 4.2 Shyness/Non-participation in activities................................................................................... 50 4.3 Jealousy/attention seeking ....................................................................................................... 54 4.4 Anxiety, fears and phobias....................................................................................................... 58


5. Habit-forming behaviour .................................................................................................................. 61 5.1 Biting ......................................................................................................................................... 61 5.2 Lying ......................................................................................................................................... 62 5.3 Eating problems........................................................................................................................ 64 5.4 Bed-wetting/Wetting of pants................................................................................................... 65 5.5 Clowning ................................................................................................................................... 68 5.6 Nail biting.................................................................................................................................. 69 5.7 Thumb sucking ......................................................................................................................... 72 5.8 Sleeping problems .................................................................................................................... 73 5.9 Stealing...................................................................................................................................... 75 5.10 Masturbation ............................................................................................................................ 77 6. Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................... 80


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