ANTI-AGING 31


processes. Our testing data from both studies begins to support this hypothesis.


Discussion UV energy and Urban Dust would be classified as Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns or DAMPs while ATP and Nigericin would be associated with microbial contact of the skin’s epidermis and would be referred to as Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns or PAMPs. Essentially, the innate immune system is not necessarily ‘trained’ upon exposure to these threats, but rather responds because these threats cause molecular changes in the structure of the NLRP proteins present in the skin cells, allowing them to assemble into Inflammasome Complexes and begin releasing active Caspase-1. Once the skin cells release active Caspase-1, this protease enzyme cleaves inert reservoirs of cytokines Pro-IL-1β and Pro-IL-18, producing active IL-1β and IL-18, that then unleash an aggressive cytokine response that ultimately leads to release of downstream repair cells like dendritic cells and Langerhans cells.12


Unlike the more specific


response that an activated T-cell might have to a pathogenic attack that must first be imprinted into the cellular structure of these cells, the NLRP Inflammasomes are true sentinels that respond to numerous threats.


Figure 11: Photographs in natural sunlight of one volunteer’s volar forearm showing Active site, Placebo site and Control site at T0 (A) and T5 (B) timepoints. Photographs were taken in natural light to enhance appearance of barrier disruption. Arrow shows continued barrier disruption on Placebo- treated site verse a lack of such on the Active-treated site adjacent to it.


Control Active Placebo


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