UPCYCLED INGREDIENTS 63
that continued application of coffee oil contributes to smoother, more refined skin. The observed benefits are consistent with the
unique composition of coffee oil, including linoleic and oleic acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, cafestol and kahweol, which may support barrier repair, reduce transepidermal water loss and help protect collagen and elastin from oxidative degradation.4-6 Overall, the results demonstrate that coffee oil
provides measurable improvements in skin texture and wrinkle appearance, with benefits that continue to strengthen throughout the treatment period.
Skin firmness response following coffee oil cream application Figure 4A shows the individual firmness responses at day 14 as the difference between the coffee oil and placebo treatments (ΔOil-ΔPlacebo). At day 14, 65% of participants showed a greater firmness response with coffee oil than with placebo, indicating an early benefit in the majority of subjects. By day 28, overall firmness improvements
were similar for placebo and coffee oil, reaching approximately 13-14%. However, the earlier response (at day 14) observed with coffee oil suggests that the ingredient accelerated the onset of skin-firming benefits rather than substantially changing the final endpoint. This pattern indicates that coffee oil provided an additional effect to placebo cream during the initial stages of treatment. The earlier improvement may be related to the bioactive composition of coffee oil, including linoleic acid, oleic acid,
tocopherols, phytosterols, cafestol and kahweol, which are known to support barrier function and skin conditioning. From a formulation perspective, these findings
suggest that coffee oil acts as a response-enhancing active ingredient, promoting earlier skin adaptation and firmness benefits while maintaining continued improvement throughout the study period.
Skin elasticity response following coffee oil cream application Figure 4B represents ranked individual subject response plot. At day 14, the responses are nearly evenly distributed around zero, with a slight predominance of placebo-favourable responses in some participants and coffee oil-favourable responses in others. By day 28, a subtle shift toward positive values
becomes evident, with a greater proportion of subjects exhibiting higher elasticity improvements with coffee oil than with placebo. Although the average elasticity improvement remained similar between treatments (approximately 8% for both groups), the ranked-response analysis suggests that coffee oil provided a modest advantage in a subset of participants. Importantly, the positive bars among the top
responders increased in magnitude between day 14 and day 28, indicating that the relative benefit of coffee oil became more apparent with continued application. Elasticity reflects the biomechanical behaviour of deeper skin structures, including elastin and
collagen networks, measurable changes often occur slowly. This pattern suggests that coffee oil does not exert a universal elasticity-enhancing effect but may provide additional benefit in individuals whose skin responds more strongly to barrier repair and lipid supplementation. Impact on skin roughness response to coffee oil cream Figure 4C illustrates the effect of coffee oil on skin roughness after 14 days of treatment. Approximately two-thirds of participants showed a greater reduction in roughness with coffee oil than with placebo, and the magnitude of the positive responses was generally greater than the placebo- favourable responses. This indicates that the observed effect was
distributed across the study population rather than being driven by a small number of high responders. By day 28, the advantage of coffee oil became more pronounced, with a larger proportion of subjects showing greater improvements relative to placebo and several participants exhibiting substantial reductions in roughness. Skin roughness appears to be one of the
parameters most responsive to coffee oil treatment. From a mechanistic perspective, these findings suggest that skin roughness represents one of the parameters most sensitive to the biological activity of coffee oil. Improvements in roughness are primarily driven by changes in stratum corneum integrity, hydration status, and surface organization. Coffee oil is rich in linoleic acid, oleic acid, tocopherols, phytosterols, cafestol, and kahweol,
www.personalcaremagazine.com
September 2026 PERSONAL CARE MAGAZINE
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