62 UPCYCLED INGREDIENTS
products were similarly randomized to opposite crow’s feet regions. Instrumental measurements were obtained at baseline (day 0), prior to first supervised application and at days 14 and 28, each conducted 8-12 hours post-application to standardize residual product effects, while home-use applications followed standardized instructions provided by trained study personnel. To minimize confounding, participants
underwent a 7-day preconditioning phase preceding day0, assessment, during which no skincare products were applied to the designated test areas, cleansing was restricted to water and a standardized mild syndet cleanser (Eubos® Flüssig Blau), and decorative cosmetic use was kept limited. All measurements were performed following
acclimatization under controlled environmental conditions (21 ± 1°C, 45 ± 5% relative humidity) to ensure reproducibility. Four primary end points characterizing skin ageing-firmness, elasticity, roughness, and wrinkle depth were evaluated using validated instrumental methods at each timepoint, enabling assessment of both short-term (day 14) and cumulative (day 28) treatment effects.
Instrumental assessments Skin biomechanical properties were evaluated using a Cutometer® MPA 580 (Courage + Khazaka, Germany), which measures skin deformation and recovery using a suction-based method. Firmness was assessed using parameter F4, where lower values indicate firmer skin, while elasticity was determined from the F3/F4 ratio, with values closer to 1 indicating greater elastic recovery. Skin roughness and wrinkle characteristics
were assessed using the PRIMOS® Compact high-resolution optical profilometry system (GF Messtechnik, Germany), a non-contact 3D imaging technology. Roughness was quantified as Rz (mean
roughness depth), while wrinkle depth in the crow’s feet area was expressed as Rmax (maximum wrinkle depth). Measurements were performed using standardized imaging and analysis procedures to ensure reproducibility throughout the study.
Figure 1: Representative clinical images showing improvement in crow’s feet wrinkles after 28 days of treatment with a cream containing 3% upcycled coffee oil
Lifecycle assessment The environmental footprint of coffee oil derived from spent coffee grounds was assessed through a lifecycle assessment (LCA) conducted for Caffe Inc. in accordance with ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 standards. The study employed the Product Environmental
Footprint methodology developed by the European Commission and evaluated the environmental impacts associated with the production of coffee oil throughout its lifecycle. LCA modelling was performed using SimaPro software, providing a standardized framework for assessing the sustainability performance of coffee oil.
Statistical analysis All measurement data were extracted and quality- checked. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each parameter. Changes in firmness, elasticity and roughness were analysed using repeated-measures.
Results Effect of day cream containing coffee oil in general Figures 1-3 demonstrate a clear, progressive improvement in skin quality following application
0 days
-10 -20 -30 -40 -50
Day 0 14 days -17.5% -27.6% 28 days
Clinically proven skin roughness reduction over 28 days 0
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Day 0 Day 14 Figure 2: Skin roughness reduction, day 0 to day 28 PERSONAL CARE MAGAZINE September 2026 Day 28
Figure 3: Percentage improvement in skin parameters over 28 days of coffee oil cream application in 20 female subjects aged 35-65
www.personalcaremagazine.com Day 14 Day 28
of the cream containing 3% coffee oil over 28 days. Improvements were evident after 14 days and increased further by day 28, indicating a cumulative treatment effect. All measured parameters improved throughout
the study, with the greatest responses observed for skin roughness and wrinkle depth, followed by firmness and elasticity. The continued upward trend across all endpoints suggests that the benefits of coffee oil developed progressively with regular application. The clinical images in Figure 1 support the
instrumental findings, showing a visible reduction in crow’s feet wrinkles after 28 days of treatment. Instrumental analysis confirmed a 16.0% reduction in wrinkle depth after 28 days and a 68% greater wrinkle-depth reduction than placebo after 14 days. Similarly, skin roughness improved by 16.7%
after 28 days, highlighting the ability of coffee oil to improve overall skin texture and visible signs of ageing. As shown in Figure 2, skin roughness decreased
progressively from baseline, with reductions of 17.5% after 14 days and 27.6% after 28 days. Together with the improvements in wrinkle depth illustrated in Figures 1 and 3, these findings indicate
Elasticity ■ Wrinkle Reduction ■ Firmness ■ Roughness ■
Clinical test result after 28 days 20 volunteers | 3% coffee oil | placebo-controlled in vivo test
Skin Roughness Rz (µm)
% Improvement vs. Day 0
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