GEO-6 Regional Assessment for Latin America and the Caribbean
Video 2.1.3: Building Resilience in the Caribbean.
Dutch territory of the Caribbean (UN 2016). Additionally, the MARPOL provides protection of the Antarctica south of 60 degrees North where not more than 15 ppm of oil should be found in marine waters. According to UN (2016), these legal instruments have fostered the development of waste management facilities in the ports of the region, although enforcement still poses challenges for governments and much capacity development is needed.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ct1NfFfQNXo
restore the quality and function of ecological systems within the coastal zone (UNEP 2012a).
One of the greatest hurdles in the implementation of ICZM, especially in small islands, is the definition of the coast. By traditional definitions, an entire country in the Caribbean can be defined as a coastal zone due to its size and this may be the cause of conflict between different regulatory agencies due to overlapping jurisdiction.
Transboundary cooperation
A number of international agreements and conventions have been signed in the last 40 years, notably the MARPOL Convention on Prevention of Pollution from Ships and the London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, with 30 and 21 signatories respectively in the region. In addition, some countries have established Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) where special provisions for ship transit exist. In the region, these areas are: i) the Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago (Cuba); ii) the Malpelo Island (Colombia); iii) the Paracas National Reserve (Peru) and iv) the Galapagos Archipelago (Ecuador), as well as the Saba Bank in the
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Another key action to address the impacts on marine areas is building the awareness and capabilities of the coastal communities. At the Caribbean Youth Environment Network (CYEN) for example, young people are taking up the responsibility to share and educate communities and other young people on issues affecting the coastal zone as well as the impacts of climate change. Existing in 19 different Caribbean countries, CYEN has contributed to the Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter (RAPMaLi) for the Wider Caribbean Region (UNEP 2014b), and to several other activities promoting greater participation, ownership, and also national and regional knowledge and awareness.
Best practices: fisheries, governance, industry practices, research
Recent assessments (UN 2016, UNDESA 2015, IPCC 2014b) note the need for information on several biogeochemical and physical processes which are not well known and whose impacts under climate change conditions cannot be predicted with the current state of knowledge. Also, understanding the benefits of marine ecosystem services to human well-being and the impacts of different management options are acknowledged as priorities for further research.
Maintaining the long-term prosperity and sustainability of marine fisheries is not only of political and social significance but also of economic and ecological importance. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA) and the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries require maintaining or restoring Fish stocks at levels that are capable
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