GEO-6 Assessment for Latin America and the Caribbean

Chapter 1: Regional Priorities and Drivers of Change

Figure 1.2.2: Assessment of progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets based on information in the fifth national reports for Latin America and the Caribbean countries.

Target 1 0

Target 2 Target 3 Target 4 Target 5 Target 6 Target 7 Target 8 Target 9

Target 10 Target 11 Target 12 Target 13 Target 14 Target 15 Target 16 Target 17 Target 18 Target 19 Target 20

01 1 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 0

3 1

20 4

40 Percentage

No progress

On track to meet the target

Source: UNEP-WCMC in press

respects. In the case of species, what is of particular concern is that where losses continue to occur, the rate at which they are happening is, more often than not, increasing. The continued loss of LAC’s biodiversity is set to have far reaching consequences.

The region has demonstrated leadership and shown success in meeting some of the targets under the Millennium Development Goal 7 (MDG 7), and in advancing towards meeting the Aichi Biodiversity Targets (Figure 1.2.2), but more progress is needed. At the national level, successful interventions have included the development of new or improved legislation, mobilization of additional resources

5 15 14 60 80 Moving away from target

Progress but at insufficient rate On track to exceed the target

Note: a list of the Aichi targets and related descriptions is available at https:// www.cbd.int/sp/targets/

6 14 13 4 3 11 8 4 14 6 3 0 3 1 4 0 1 0 2 13 6 7 12 10 10 4

3 5

7 7 13

10 8

8 14 7

1 5

5 5 14 11 13 17 17 11 4 0

2 0 10 10

2 0 0

2 0 10 10 0

1

2 0 10 10

2 0 0

1

2 0 0

2 0 100

GEO-6 has adopted the theme ‘Healthy Planet, Healthy People’,

which recognises the strong links between

environment and human health. Air pollution is the largest environmental threat to public health in the region. An estimated 100 million people in the region live in areas susceptible to air pollution, mostly in highly populated areas of cities with more than 500 000 inhabitants (Romieu et al. 2012). In most cities exposure to PM2.5

exceeds the

international recommended standards (Green and Sanchez 2012), and many deaths occur on account of diseases related to air pollution (WHO 2014c). Although many countries and cities in LAC have set official air quality standards to protect health, many others, including some of the small island developing states (SIDS) in the region, still lack such legislated standards.

Between 1992 and 2012, access to drinking water in Latin America increased from 86 to 92 per cent, while basic sanitation increased from 70 per cent to 78 per cent. The MDG 7 target on sanitation has not been met, especially in rural areas, and the risk of exposure to waterborne diseases, especially amongst vulnerable members of the population, is ever-present (CCSP 2008). There are also important impacts on health from deforestation, particularly related to the spread of malaria. Deforestation, as well as infrastructure

17 1.2.4 Environment and health

for biodiversity protection, enhanced dialogue among the stakeholders in biodiversity governance, and the implementation of a variety of policy support tools. Twenty three governments of the region are now members of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), established in 2012. Effective mainstreaming of biodiversity considerations into development planning, and the more effective use of biodiversity management and policy support tools such as protected areas, natural capital accounting and payments for ecosystem services, inter alia, will help in efforts to ensure more sustainable use of the region’s biological resources – both on land and in the marine environment.

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