Supplementary Information
GOAL 15
SDGs
Protect, restore and promote
sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat
desertification and halt and reverse land degradation, and halt
biodiversity loss
Main targets
15.2 by 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests, and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally 15.3 by 2020, combat desertification, and restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land- degradation neutral world
15.4 by 2030 ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, to enhance their capacity to provide benefits which are essential for sustainable development
Scenario 1: Economy prevails
Historically conflicting goals for production and the environment remain, especially in agriculture. Long- term productivity of ecosystem functions (land, water and biodiversity) are in danger and increasing productivity (quality, quantity and diversity) of goods and services, and particularly safe and healthy food remains under pressure.
Commercial agriculture still is the most important driver of deforestation in the region.
Pressures from many international drivers to clear forests increase due to urbanization, increasingly meat- based diets, long- term population trends, growth in developing country regional markets for key commodities, and climate-change adaptation factors.
Scenario 2: Policy trade-offs
Understanding of natural resource characteristics of individual ecosystems and ecosystem processes (climate, soils, water, plants and animals) which start to be included in policies and programmes. Land-user-driven and participatory approaches are included in policies for more integrated terrestrial ecosystem management.
Environmental functions and services provided by ecosystems are recognized and included in policies.
Scenario 3: Towards a sustainability agenda
Sustainable Land Management (SLM) is in place to minimize land degradation, rehabilitate degraded areas and ensure the optimal use of land resources for the benefit of present and future generations. Integrated use of natural resources at ecosystem and farming system levels are in place with multilevel and multi-stakeholder involvement. Opportunities for sustainable utilization of an ecosystem’s natural resources to meet peoples’ welfare and economic needs (for example, for food, water, fuel, shelter, medicine, income, recreation) are identified and promoted.
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