CO2 emissions - Gg
% of global CO2 emissions
Chapter 2: State and Trends
Figure 2.1.11: LAC. Carbon dioxide emissions from forest fires and decay of biomass after burning (left axis) and their relative share of global total carbon dioxide emissions (right axis).
520 000 540 000 560 000 580 000 600 000 620 000 640 000 660 000 680 000
Years Emissions Relative emissions
Data are model estimations by EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010. Source: UNEP 2015
In LAC estimated emissions of carbon dioxide from forest fires were fairly stable with a mean of 609 790 (1.34 per cent)6
represented a significant7 .
Gigagrams (Figure 2.1.11, left axis). These emissions and decreasing proportion of the
global total carbon dioxide emissions in the period 2001- 2010 (Figure 2.1.11, right axis), with a mean of 1.81 per cent (1.92 per cent)8
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Toxic chemicals
The presence of toxic chemicals in the atmosphere has been documented in the region through the monitoring of POPs regulated by the Stockholm Convention (Barra et al. 2007). The wide occurrence, even at low concentrations, of dioxins and furans in urban areas is of concern given the highly toxic nature of these pollutants. For the first time, regional results on dioxin exposure have been documented throughout the LAC region. This was possible thanks to the establishment of a monitoring network, created by the regional centres of the Basel and Stockholm conventions and the support of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the scientific community in the region.
2.1.4 Impacts Health
Impacts of air pollution on human health have been documented both at global and regional levels (WHO 2012). Air pollution is one of the main avoidable causes of disease and death globally. It causes significant morbidity and mortality in all countries. Pollutants of major public health concern include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone and nitrogen and sulphur dioxides. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5
), which is widespread, both indoors and outdoors,
damages the health of more people than any other air pollutant.
Globally, more than 1.5 million deaths per year from respiratory infections are attributed to the environment, including at least 42 per cent of lower respiratory tract infections and 24 per cent of upper respiratory infections in developing countries (WHO 2015b).
6 The number in parentheses next to the value of a mean is the relative uncertainty of the mean, computed as 100 times the ratio of half the value of the 95%- confidence interval for the mean and the mean value.
7
Significant (or significantly) means a statistical probability equal to or less than 5%.
8 The number in parentheses next to the value of a mean is the relative uncertainty of the mean, computed as 100 times the ratio of half the value of the 95%- confidence interval for the mean and the mean value.
In LAC, an estimated 100 million people live in areas susceptible to air pollution, mostly in highly populated areas of cities with more than 500 000 inhabitants (Romieu et al. 2012). In most such cities exposure to PM2.5
exceeds the internationally recommended standards (Green and 41
2000
2001
2002
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010
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