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Supplementary Information


List of Figures Figure 1.2.1: Some examples of the impacts of climate change in Latin America.


Figure 1.2.2: Assessment of progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets based on information in the fifth national reports for Latin America and the Caribbean countries.


Figure 1.3.1: Exports of goods and services (per cent of GDP).


Figure 1.3.2: Remittance as percentage of gross national income (GNI) in Latin America and the Caribbean. Figure 1.3.3: FDI inflows as percentage of gross national income (GNI) in Latin America and the Caribbean. Figure 1.3.4: Proportion of urban population living in slums at midyear by country (1990-2009). Figure 2.1.1: Energy matrix in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2013 (all figures in kBOE/day).


Figure 2.1.2: On 23 August 2010 Brazilian INPE´s fire system (INPE 2015a) using NASA-AQUA MODIS imagery observed a plume of smoke covering several million square kilometres flowing southwards from Amazonia and advecting into the South Atlantic Ocean in the extreme south of Brazil. The detail shows individual detections of fires and the associated smoke plumes.


Figure 2.1.3: Annual average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 (μg m-3 ) in selected cities in Latin America and the Caribbean


(2011). The vertical lines represent respectively WHO, US-EPA, and EU quality standards for PM defined as the annual average of maximum amount of airborne particles that can be present in outdoor air without threatening the public’s health.


Figure 2.1.4: Annual average ozone concentration in selected cities in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2011.


Figure 2.1.5: Annual average ozone concentration and maximum eight hour average concentration (gray bar) in three major cities in Latin America in 2011. The horizontal red line represents the WHO standard for ozone exposure (eight-hour average).


Figure 2.1.6: N2


processes each of these sources represents. Figure 2.1.7: LAC methane (CH4


O emissions from soil emissions and agriculture (gigagrams) in LAC. Refer to the main text for the N2


emissions from the same source (right axis). Figure 2.1.8: LAC CH4


emissions from the same source (right axis).


Figure 2.1.9: Total emissions of carbon dioxide in 2006 and 2011 (kilo tonnes per year) in LAC subregions. Figure 2.1.10: Total CO2


emissions (2011) per economic area in LAC according to GDP and population.


Figure 2.1.11: LAC. Carbon dioxide emissions from forest fires and decay of biomass after burning (left axis) and their relative share of global total carbon dioxide emissions (right axis).


Figure 2.2.1: Latin America and the Caribbean, arid and humid areas. Figure 2.2.2: Annual freshwater withdrawal in the region as percentage of total renewable water.


Figure 2.2.3: Net virtual water import (red) and export (green) of Latin America and the Caribbean in relation to the rest of the world (109


m3 /year) in the period 1996 - 2005. Only the biggest gross virtual water flows (>109 Figure 2.2.4: Hydropower lights up the Tropical Andes.


Figure 2.2.6: The Cantareira Reservoir that serves 8.8 million persons in Sao Paulo, Brazil’s largest city was at 10 per cent of its total capacity by March 2015.


m3 /year) are shown. O 38 ) emissions from rice cultivation (left axis) and their relative share of global total methane 38 emissions from enteric fermentation in cattle (left axis) and their relative share of global total methane


38 39 40


41 46 47


49 50


Figure 2.2.5: Number of hydro-meteorological events and related affected people in Latin America and the Caribbean (1970-2010). 53 53 249


36 36


37


15


17 20 21 21 23 33


34


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