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GEO-6 Regional Assessment for Latin America and the Caribbean


Figure 3.2.1: The pillars of food security, which must operate in parallel and in synergy to alleviate and respond to food security in Latin America and the Caribbean.


Food availability


encourage the incorporation of conservation agriculture in the integrated policy prescriptions in the region.


Food access Food security


Food stability/ Resilience


In addition, in the current system of agriculture, there are key policy trade-offs that some countries may have to address. Among these are the energy-food nexus where increased emphasis on biofuel production competes with food crops for water and land. Investing in agricultural waste as a source of biofuel, agro-ecological land-use zoning, and prioritizing biofuel production using marginal agricultural lands, could contribute to minimising the necessary trade-offs. There is also the food-water nexus (see Section 2.2) since agricultural activities use a significant amount of water by relying on irrigation in semi-arid zones. This is required if Latin America is to maintain its output to support global food demand. Land zoning is important to reduce the conflicts with biodiversity protection, deforestation and water scarcity. Fisheries is a critical source of food for many communities in LAC. The adoption of good practices such as local cooperatives can ensure a sustainable food supply (More…37).


Food utilization Source: FAO 2014b


practices must be part the agricultural agenda. However, there is growing evidence of a shift, although relatively slow, of greater emphasis on conservation agriculture. This technique supports a large cohort of social, economic and environmental benefits (More…36) and there are many examples such as in Brazil, Costa Rica and El Salvador (FAO 2001). Therefore, a recommended transformation will be to


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In Latin America, but more urgently for the Caribbean SIDS, mainstreaming climate change adaptation into farming systems to deal with growing drought-like conditions and erratic rainfall patterns is a major issue. Farming systems in SIDS must consider the inclusion of better horticultural practices and systems for water storage. Adapting to climate change will be essential for building resilience and managing risks to water, energy and food security from changing rainfall patterns, more frequent and intense extreme events, and rising temperatures. While the region’s countries have different levels of exposure, vulnerability and capacity to adapt to climate change, food production is particularly at risk. Climate change concerns must be included in agricultural–food security considerations. Such inclusion may need greater investment in this sector, but the potential returns could make the sector more profitable in the medium to long term (Truitt Nakata and Zeigler 2014).


While the value chain is evidently required to transform food security and nutrition in the region, access to food, caused by the major driver of poverty, should be considered as well (see discussion on poverty below).


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