Forest area annual net change rate (SDG 15.2.1) Change in a positive direction


Progress towards sustainable forest management.


0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8


-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0


2005 2010 2015


Land degradation (SDG 15.3.1) Data will be available in the 2019 Global SDG reports and database


Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area. Global map of land productivity trends


Years Africa Central and Southern Asia


Latin America and the Caribbean Northern Africa and Western Asia Northern America Europe


Europe and Northern America Eastern and South-Eastern Asia Australia and New Zealand Sub-Saharan Africa


Oceania (exc. Australia and New Zealand)


Source: UNSD 2015 Tier I; Custodian agency: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)


Among all the sub-regions, South-East Asia and North Africa have presented worsening trends, with forest net change rate decreasing from -0.234 per cent to -0.36 per cent and -0.095 per cent to -0.559 per cent, respectively, between 2010 and 2015. On the other hand, while West Africa has recorded a -0.95 per cent net change in forest area in 2015, the highest loss among all sub-regions, the rate of loss has decreased from -0.963 per cent in 2005 to -1.022 per cent in 2010. As a contrast with indicator 15.1.1, indicator 15.2.1 on forest area net change rate is particularly useful in highlighting regions and countries with very high percentage loss, as well as trends of forest loss that are narrowing or widening. It is also possible to analyse forest area net change rate down to the country level. While most policy attention goes to countries with large tropical forest areas such as Brazil, Democratic Republic of Congo and Indonesia, these countries are not those with the highest annual net change rates. Countries with the highest annual net change rates in the period from 2010 to 2015 are Togo (-8.11 per cent), Uganda (-5.48 per cent), Nigeria (-5.01 per cent), Pakistan (-2.69 per cent), and Honduras (-2.43 per cent).


Source: Williams 2016 Tier II; Custodian agency: United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)


Land degradation is defined as “the reduction or loss of the biological or economic productivity and complexity of rain fed cropland, irrigated cropland, or range, pasture, forest and woodlands resulting from a combination of pressures, including land use and management practices”. Land productivity monitors land degradation processes and reflects the overall capacity of land to support biodiversity and provide ecosystem services. The degradation of soil and land continues due to heighten competition for land use, undermining the long-term security and development of all countries. From 1999 to 2013, approximately one-fifth of the Earth’s land surface covered by vegetation showed persistent and declining trends in productivity, primarily due to poor land and water management. Globally, up to 24 million km2


of land are affected (an area the size


of China, India, and the U.S. combined), including 19% of cropland, 16% of forest land, 19% of grassland, and 28% of rangeland. South America and Africa are most affected by diminished productivity where, in some dryland areas, advanced stages of land degradation are leading to desertification. Reversing these worrying trends through sustainable land management is key to improving the livelihoods and resilience of over 1.3 billion people living off degraded lands.


94 Measuring Progress Report 2019


Percent


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