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Water cooperation (SDG 6.5.2) Too little data


Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation.


Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation in 2017/2018


100


20 40 60 80


0


Central and


Southern Asia


Oceania Europe and


North America Latin


America and the Caribbean


Northern Africa and Western Asia


Eastern and


Southern East Asia


Source: United Nations 2018 Tier I; Custodian agency: International Hydrological Programme of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO-IHP) and United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)


Any response to the global water crises and threats must account for the fact that 153 countries share transboundary riv¬ers, lakes, and aquifers. Transbound¬ary basins are home to over 2.8 billion people (42% of the world’s population), cover 62 million km2


of


the land on Earth (42%), and account for 54% of global river discharge (UNEP 2016e). The lack of operational arrangements is a major bar¬rier to addressing the world’s water crises. While an estimated 450 transboundary water treaties have been adopted since 1820, many transboundary rivers, lakes and aquifers lack the necessary arrangements to sup¬port their management (UN and UNESCO 2018). The average national percentage of transboundary basin area covered by an operational arrangement is 59% in the period 2017-2018 for countries with data available. Globally, only 17 countries have all their transboundary basins covered by operational arrangements. In the Sub-Saharan Africa region, out of 20 countries reported, 12 show at least 70% of their transboundary basins covered by operational arrangement. 10 out of 27 countries reported having operational arrangements in place for all their transboundary river and lake basins. For aquifers, six countries report that operational arrangements are in place for more than 70% (UN and UNESCO 2018). Operational arrangements are absent in many basins in Northern Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean.


Sustainable Development Goal


Sub-Sahara Africa


Water related ecosystems (SDG 6.6.1) Very little negative or positive change


Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time. Wetland extent trend index


0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2


0.2 0


1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Years


Africa Northern America


Europe Oceania


Asia Latin America and the Caribbean


Source: UNEP-WCMC 2015 Tier I; Custodian agency: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)


Natural water bodies have been decreasing, and artificial water bodies (e.g. reservoirs, dams, and rice paddies) have been increasing in most regions of the world. The loss in natural wetland, from a historic reference, is estimated as 42 percent in Africa, 32 percent in Asia, 35 percent in Europe, 59 percent in Latin America and the Caribbean, 17 percent in North America, and 12 percent in Oceania. The world has lost 70 percent of its natural wetland extent, including a significant loss of freshwater species, over the last 100 years. Protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems is essential to ensure they continue to provide sustainable social and economic services and benefits to society. This is important for all water-related ecosystems such as vegetated wetlands, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and aquifers, and those found in mountains and forests that play a special role in storing freshwater and maintaining water quality. Of the 193 countries invited to provide data on their water-related ecosystems, 40 countries submitted data addressing at least one sub-indicator for indicator 6.6.1. With only 20 per cent of UN Member States providing data, progress on reporting on indicator 6.6.1 data is low. Future reporting on this indicator will take advantage of available data from remote sensing and satellites to fill gaps.


55


Indicator value ovarall (%)


Index Value


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