Endangered species (SDG 15.5.1) Change in a negative direction


Red list index.


Red List Index of species survival for birds, mammals, amphibians, corals and cycads, and an aggregate (in blue) for all species (The shading denotes 95 percent confidence intervals).


1.0 0.9


0.8 0.7 0.6


1980 1990


2000 Year


Mammals Corals


Amphibians


Strategies for sharing biodiversity benefits (SDG 15.6.1)


Change in a positive direction


Number of countries that have adopted legislative, administrative and policy frameworks to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits.


Birds


Cycads 2010


Source: IUCN (2017a), Hoffman et al. (2018). Tier I; Custodian agency: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)


The Red List Index categorizes the conservation status of major species groups based on the risk of extinction (from Least Concern to Extinct) and measures trends in the proportion of species expected to remain extant in the near future without additional conservation action. The Index shows that all species groups with known trends are deteriorating in status, as more species move towards extinction than away from it. The evidence suggests an increase in risk of extinction for all groups individually and as an aggregate from 1993 to 2017. According to the IUCN’s latest estimates, cycad species face the greatest risk of extinction with 63 per cent of species in this plant group considered threatened (International Union for Conservation of Nature Commission on Ecosystem Management [IUCN] 2017). The most threatened group of vertebrates are amphibians (41 per cent). Among well sampled invertebrate groups, reef-forming corals have the highest proportion (33 per cent) of species under threat.


Source: Geoff Whalan, 2017 (Flickr) Tier I; Custodian agency: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)


The Nagoya Protocol is the main legal instrument providing a transparent framework for the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources (Secretariat of the Convention on Biodiversity [CBD] 2014). The Protocol applies to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge covered in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and to the benefits arising from their utilisation. A total of 109 countries have ratified the protocol, with Afghanistan, Austria, Central African Republic, and Palau being the latest countries to join (Lebada 2018). Germany, Malta, and Qatar published their reports on the use of genetic resources under the Nagoya Protocol in 2018. The Access and Benefit-sharing Clearing-House (ABSCH) is a platform allowing countries to share information on procedures for accessing genetic resources and monitor the utilisation of the resources along the value chain which enhances the legal certainty and transparency that both providers and users of genetic resources desire (CBD 2017a). As of November 2018, the ABSCH lists 315 legislative, administrative, or policy measures adopted at the domestic level to implement the access and benefit- sharing obligations of the CBD or/and the Nagoya Protocol (CBD 2017b). However, these measures are not equally split among countries: in 2012, only 26 countries had reported legislative measures to the ABSCH to implement the Nagoya Protocol.


96 Measuring Progress Report 2019


Red List Index of Species Survival


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