Science and technological cooperation (SDG 17.6.1)
No data available
Number of science and/or technology cooperation agreements and programmes between countries, by type of cooperation.
Funding for environmentally sound technologies (SDG 17.7.1) No data available
Total amount of approved funding for developing countries to promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies.
(a) Total Trade 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.9
Source: United States Mission Geneva, 2014 (Flickr) Tier III; Custodian agency: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)
Since the SDGs were adopted in 2015, the number of agreements and programmes that allow for targeted science and/or technology cooperation has increased considerably. This has happened especially in North-South, South-South, triangular regional, and international cooperation. Such cooperative programmes and agreements focus on topics like knowledge-sharing and access to science, technology, and innovation. The coordination among mechanisms already in place is one of the key nexus areas to focus on at the multilateral level in the run up towards 2030 – an example of such a nexus area being the synergies sought between various MEAs that address biodiversity: the CBD, the Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, and the World Heritage Convention, among others. Another central piece of this indicator refers to the need for a global technology facilitation mechanism. Due to the lack of information on the global situation on this indicator, or its current state, still little is known about progress towards SDG target 17.6. It is hoped that soon countries will agree on the methodology and datasets to be used to evaluate progress towards achieving the global target of knowledge sharing and cooperation for access to science, technology, and innovation.
Sustainable Development Goal
Source: UNEP 2019ecl Tier III; Custodian agency:
Recently there has been an uptake of trade in Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs) globally. Global trade of ESTs has increased in the last decade, from $0.9 trillion in 2006 to around $1.4 trillion in 2016. Trade flows largely involved developed countries (more than half) and BRIC countries (about one-fourth) in 2016. China’s imports and exports accounted for 71% and 93%, respectively, of BRIC’s trade. From 2006 to 2016, developing countries accounted for a small, yet increasing, contribution to the world imports of ESTs. Imports increased from $0.07 trillion to $0.13 trillion, yet represented a lower share of world imports, 20% in 2006 and 18% in 2016. Developing countries as a group doubled the volumes of exports in ESTs since 2006, while in monetary terms, exports remain unchanged at $0.06 trillion. Between 2006 and 2016, LDCs only accounted for a minor fraction of global ESTs total trade, although increasing by more than $20 billion during that time frame. Renewable energy technologies comprise the most important flow of ESTs trade, accounting for more than $609 billion in 2011 at its peak, and $503 billion in 2016, suggesting a share of about 36% of total ESTs trade. Wastewater management and water treatment, in the second place, accounts for slightly less than $300 billion.
103 (b) Export Growth 20% 10% 0% -10% -20%
US$ Trillions
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
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