Energy intensity (SDG 7.3.1) Change in a positive direction
Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and GDP. Primary energy intensity in 2015 (MJ/2011 $US PPP)
Clean energy research and technology (SDG 7.a.1) No data available
Mobilised amount of United States dollars per year starting in 2020 accountable towards the $100 billion commitment.
Source: IEA, World Development Indicators (WDI) and UNSD 2015 Tier I; Custodian agency: International Energy Agency (IEA), United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) and United Nations’ Inter-Agency Mechanism on Energy (UN Energy)
Global energy demand grew at its fastest rate since 2013 and increases in coal, oil and gas consumption continued in 2017, with the electricity and transport sectors representing the largest usage (IEA et al. 2018). Global electricity demand continued to rise and will more than double in developing and emerging economies by 2030 due to economic development, higher disposable incomes, and more affordable electrical products. Global energy intensity – the ratio of energy used per unit of GDP - continued to fall at a slightly faster pace than the SDGs baseline year 2010 rate of 1.3%, with a global rate of energy efficiency improvement of 1.7% in 2017; however, this rate was down from the 2015 rate of 2.8% and was also below the average annual improvement rate of 2.2% since 2010. A much faster global decoupling of energy demand from economic growth is required to reach the SDG target of an average annual decline of 2.6%. However, this is achievable as shown by Chinese energy intensity falling by 3.9% in 2017 compared to around 1.2% in the rest of the world. Technology and affordability are key drivers for energy efficiency improvement but intensifying sustainable energy policy measures is important to promote faster and sustained global application of better standards, best practice energy system replication and the global adoption of widely available, clean, and efficient technologies.
Sustainable Development Goal
Source: Windwärts Energie, 2010 (Flickr) Tier II; Custodian agency: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy research and development and renewable energy production, including in hybrid systems, is important for achieving the 2030 Agenda. For this indicator, which has no established methodology or systematic tracking, the goal is to enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology (including renewable energy, energy efficiency, and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology) and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology by 2030. The indicator also covers cooperation in the field of nuclear fusion, hydrogen, and fuel cells technology. Globally, investment in research and development in renewable energy set a record high in 2017, rising six per cent to $9.9 billion (Frankfurt School of Finance & Management [FSFM] 2018). The increase was entirely driven by corporate R&D, which rose 12 per cent to $4.8 billion, while government spending remained unchanged at $5.1 billion. Solar gained a 6 per cent increase to $4.7 billion; wind rose 6 per cent to $1.9 billion, a new high; and biofuels increased by 2 per cent to $1.7 billion. Biomass and waste gained 10 per cent to $918 million.
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