Reliance on clean fuels (SDG 7.1.2) Change in a positive direction


Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology. Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology (%) 100


80 90


50 60 70


10 20 30 40


0 2000 World Sub-Saharan Africa


Eastern and South-Eastern Asia Central and Southern Asia


2005 2010 Regions


Oceania (exc. Australia and New Zealand) Northern Africa and Western Asia


Western Asia


Source: UNSD 2016 Tier I; Custodian agency: World Health Organization (WHO)


Globally, 62 per cent of people had access to clean cooking facilities in 2017. Clean cooking facilities are important for reducing indoor air pollution and related health complications. It also reduces the unpaid time burden of people – mostly women – in collecting firewood, as improved cookstoves consume less fuel. In developing countries, there remains a lack of access to clean cooking facilities and an estimated 50 per cent of people live without access to clean cooking facilities, two thirds of which live in Asia and 30 per cent in Sub-Saharan Africa (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD] and International Energy Agency [IEA] 2017). Clean cookstoves made up 83 per cent of cookstoves distributed, with two-thirds of all clean cookstoves being distributed in India. The number of distributed cookstoves has more than tripled from 2015 to 2016.


4.1%


Biomass/solar/ geothermal heat


2015 2016 10.4%


Renewable energy (SDG 7.2.1) Very little negative or positive change


Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption. Estimated renewable share of total final energy consumption, 2016 Nuclear energy


79.5% Fossil fuels


2.2% 7.8%


Traditional biomass Modern renewables 1.7% 3.7% Hydropower 0.9%


Wind/solar/ biomass/ geothermal/ ocean power


Biofuels for transport


Note: Data should not be compared with previous years because of revisions due to improved or adjusted data or methodology. Totals may not add up due to rounding.


Source: Renewables 2018 Global Status Report and International Energy Agency (IEA) Tier I; Custodian agency: International Energy Agency (IEA), United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), United Nations’ inter-agency Mechanism on Energy (UN Energy) and International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)


The share of modern renewable energy in total final energy consumption has been growing over the past years; however, there is still a high reliance on fossil fuels. World energy consumption and related greenhouse gas and air pollution emissions continued to rise to an all-time high in 2017, driven by increased fossil fuel consumption, particularly in fast-growing economies. The combined share of renewable energy in 2016 accounted for 18.2 per cent of the total final energy consumption, 10.4 per cent of which was modern renewable energy. The greatest portion of this share was accounted by renewable electricity, primarily hydropower at 3.7 per cent. Renewable thermal energy provided by modern biomass, solar thermal heat, and geothermal heat accounted for 4.1 per cent of total final energy consumption, while biofuels for transport was slightly under 1 per cent of total final energy consumption. Traditional biomass accounted for 7.8 per cent of total final energy consumption, which was used primarily for heating and cooking in developing countries. Technological advancements in wind turbine and solar photovoltaic systems have enabled a per unit productivity increase of a factor of more than 10 over the past 20 years. Renewable electricity accounted for more than half of global electricity capacity additions over the past five years.


58 Measuring Progress Report 2019


Percent


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