Forest area (thousands of hectares) (15.1.1): Forest area as a proportion of total land area.
Global Environment Monitoring System for Water (GEMS/Water) (https://gemstat. org), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality (%) (6.3.2): Ambient water quality refers to natural, untreated water in rivers, lakes and groundwaters and represents a combination of natural influences together with the impacts of all anthropogenic activities. The indicator relies on water quality data derived from in situ measurements and the analysis of samples collected from surface and groundwaters. Water quality is assessed by means of core physical and chemical parameters that reflect natural water quality related to climatological and geological factors, together with major impacts on water quality. The continuous monitoring of all surface and groundwaters is economically unfeasible and not required to sufficiently characterize the status of ambient water quality in a country. Therefore, countries select river, lake and groundwater bodies that are representative and significant for the assessment and management of water quality to monitor and report on indicator 6.3.2. The quality status of individual water bodies is classified based on the compliance of the available water quality monitoring data for the core parameters with target values defined by the country. The indicator is computed as the proportion of the number of water bodies classified as having good quality (i.e. with at least 80 % compliance) to the total number of assessed water bodies, expressed as a percentage.
Global Health Observatory Data Repository (
https://www.who.int/gho), World Health Organization (WHO) Age-standardized mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution (deaths per 100,000 population) (3.9.1): The mortality attributable to the joint effects of household and ambient air pollution can be expressed as: Number of deaths, Death rate. Death rates are calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the total population (or indicated if a different population group is used, e.g. children under 5 years). Evidence from epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to air pollution is linked, among others, to the important diseases taken into account in this estimate: (1) Acute respiratory infections in young children (estimated under 5 years of age); (2) Cerebrovascular diseases (stroke) in adults (estimated above 25 years); (3) Ischaemic heart diseases (IHD) in adults (estimated above 25 years); (4) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults (estimated above 25 years); and (5) Lung cancer in adults (estimated above 25 years).
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Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (deaths per 100,000 population) (3.9.2): The mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services) as defined as the number of deaths from unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe WASH services) in a year, divided by the population, and multiplied by 100,000.
Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisonings, by sex (deaths per 100,000 population) (3.9.3): The mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning as defined as the number of deaths of unintentional poisonings in a year, divided by the population, and multiplied by 100,000.
Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter in cities, urban population (micrograms per cubic meter) (11.6.2): The mean annual concentration of fine suspended particles of less than 2.5 microns in diameters (PM2.5
) is a common measure of
air pollution. The mean is a population-weighted average for urban population in a country and is expressed in micrograms per cubic meter [μg/m3
].
Global Ocean Science Report (
https://en.unesco.org/gosr), Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO National ocean science expenditure as a share of total research and development funding (%) (14.a.1): Marine technology as defined in the IOCCGTMT refers to instruments, equipment, vessels, processes and methodologies required to produce and use knowledge to improve the study and understanding of the nature and resources of the ocean and coastal areas.
Global Surface Water Explorer (
https://global-surface-water.appspot.com/) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Water body extent (permanent and maybe permanent) (% of total land area) (6.6.1): The indicator includes five categories: 1) vegetated wetlands, 2) rivers and estuaries, 3) lakes, 4) aquifers, and 5) artificial waterbodies. For purposes of this methodology, the text refers only to these five ecosystem category terminologies. To address its complexity, Indicator 6.6.1 has been divided into 5 SubIndicators to capture the various data sources and methodologies required for monitoring components of the Indicator. Data sources come from a combination of ground sampling and earth observations. Depending on the type of ecosystem and the type of extent being measured, the data collection methodology can also differ greatly.
Measuring Progress Report 2019
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