Forest areas (SDG 15.1.1) Change in a negative direction


Forest area as a proportion of total land area.


Protection of key biodiversity areas (SDG 15.1.2) Change in a positive direction


Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type.


10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80


0 2000 Africa


Central and Southern Asia Sub-Saharan Africa


Oceania (exc. Australia and New Zealand)


2005 Years


Northern America Western Asia


Latin America and the Caribbean


Northern Africa and Western Asia


Source: UNSD 2015 Tier I; Custodian agency: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)


Among all the regions, Africa is showing a consistent trend of loss in forest as a proportion of its total land area. While its decrease from 22.52 per cent in the year 2000 to 20.96 per cent in 2015 may not appear to be significant at first glance, it represents a drop of 6.9 per cent. The downward trend is particularly sharp in certain Sub-Saharan African countries such as Togo, Uganda, and Nigeria. This is further elaborated under the SDG indicator 15.2.1.


Latin America and the Caribbean is another region that has a downward trend in forest coverage from 49.07 per cent in 2000 to 46.46 per cent in 2015, representing a decrease of 5.3 per cent. Within Asia, while West Asia, East Asia, and South Asia have made positive gains in this indicator, South-East Asia and Central Asia have recorded loss during the same time period. In the high-income world, both North America and Europe have made slight gains in forest cover.


Australia and New Zealand Europe


Europe and Northern America


Eastern and South-Eastern Asia


Years World


Central Asia and Southern Asia Latin America and the Caribbean


Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand Eastern Asia and South-eastern Asia


Australia and New Zealand Sub-Saharan Africa


Northern America and Europe Western Asia and Northern Africa


Source: UNEP 2018 Tier I; Custodian agency: UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), BirdLife International (BLI) and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)


The proportion of important sites for biodiversity that are covered by protected areas continues to increase in both terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. As of January 2018, an average of 44 per cent of each freshwater and 47 per cent of each terrestrial Key Biodiversity Area was covered by protected areas. Coverage is highest in Europe and Northern America, and lowest in Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand). On average, protected area coverage of areas of particular importance for biodiversity, in both terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems globally, continue to grow at approximately the same rate (0.7 per cent per annum). The extent of protected area coverage varies between regions, with Europe and Northern America providing the highest average in both terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems as well as the highest average rate of growth (0.9 per cent and 1 per cent per annum in freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, respectively). Additionally, mean protected area coverage of both freshwater and terrestrial Key Biodiversity Areas in North Africa and West Asia has more than doubled since 2000. All regions continue to increase the extent to which they officially protect areas of importance for biodiversity, and hence continue to increase the critical natural capital that supports human well-being and the resilience of communities.


Sustainable Development Goal 93 Years 2010 2015 Freshwater KBAs completely covered by protected areas


10 20 30 40 50 60


0


10 20 30 40 50 60 70


0 Terrestrial KBAs completely covered by protected areas


% of land area


Percent


Percent


2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018


2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018


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