Research for sustainable lifestyles (SDG 12.a.1) No data available


Amount of support to developing countries on research and development for sustainable consumption and production and environmentally sound technologies.


Sustainable tourism strategies (SDG 12.b.1) No data available


Number of sustainable tourism strategies or policies and implemented action plans with agreed monitoring and evaluation tools.


Inbound tourism expenditure, million $


1.2 1.4


0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1


0 Years


Source: Rawpixel 2018 Tier III; Custodian agency: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UNESCO-UIS)


There is a need to improve SCP and environmentally sound technologies and, in order to develop new practices and technologies which work in developing countries, additional research is needed. However, defining and measuring research related to SCP and environmentally sound technologies is very challenging and thus there is little information on this indicator. In fact, the methodological development of this indicator is currently lagging behind the other SDGs indicators under Goal 12 with no current workplan or methodological proposal.


Source: UNEP 2013 Tier III; Custodian agency: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)


Despite 10.4 per cent of the world’s GDP being either directly or indirectly related to tourism in 2017 (UNWTO 2018), very little is known about the sustainability of the tourism sector. The concept of “sustainable tourism” was first established in the 1990s and there has been considerable work to develop the concept of sustainable tourism from both a policy and measurement perspectives. However, there is no internationally agreed upon definition nor is there any agreement on what constitutes “sustainable tourism strategies or policies and implemented action plans” (UNWTO 2017) Through promotion of sustainable tourism, including ecotourism, for poverty eradication and environment protection, sustainable tourism ought to make optimal use of environmental resources that constitute a key element in tourism development, maintaining essential ecological processes and helping to conserve natural resources and biodiversity. Achieving sustainable tourism is a continuous process and it requires constant monitoring of impacts, introducing preventive and corrective measures whenever necessary (UNEP and UNWTO 2005). Developing appropriate statistical definitions and classifications with particular reference to tourism would fill important data gaps and provide the basis for the derivation of many relevant sustainable tourism indicators.


Sustainable Development Goal 79


1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013


US Dollars (millions)


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