Investment in water and sanitation (SDG 6.a.1) Change in a positive direction


Amount of water- and sanitation-related official development assistance that is part of a government-coordinated spending plan.


Annual water sector ODA disbursement (thousands of constant 2016 US$), and water sector ODA as a percentage of total ODA


10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000


Years Water sector ODA disbursments


Water sector ODA as percentage of total ODA


Source: OECD 2016 Tier I; Custodian agency: World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)


Hundreds of billions of dollars still need to be raised to fund the implementation of SDG 6, which is expected to generate socioeconomic and health benefits that greatly exceed the cost of doing so. This calls for increased mobilisation of domestic funds and a significant scaling-up of external support to cover interim gaps where national capacity and resources are under development. Investments in the water sector need to be supported by sustainable business models and alternative financial mechanisms such as blended finance, loans, and revolving funds. Total water sector overseas development assistance (ODA) data show that disbursements increased from US$7.4 billion to US$9.0 billion between 2011 and 2016. Funding has increased across the sector since 2005, with aid for agricultural water resources nearly tripling. There is some evidence that ODA commitments to water and sanitation have declined since 2012, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, indicating uncertainty in future investments. Basic drinking water and sanitation systems accounted for nearly a quarter (22 percent) of total ODA disbursements in Sub-Saharan Africa. ODA for large drinking water and sanitation systems remained steady as a proportion of total ODA disbursements from 2011 to 2016, at approximately 40 percent.


56


5 6


4


0 1 2 3


Local water management (SDG 6.b.1) Too little data


Proportion of local administrative units with established and operational policies and procedures for participation of local communities in water and sanitation management.


Percentages of countries with low, moderate, high and no levels of participation by SDG region (rural drinking water supply)


Central Asia and Southern Asia Oceania*


Sub-Saharan Africa


Northern Africa and Western Asia Latin America and the Caribbean


Eastern Asia and South-eastern Asia Europe and Northern America


0 High 20 40 Moderate 60


Sewers - unsafe Low


80 100 None


Source: WHO 2018 Tier I; Custodian agency: World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)


Community participation is a key component of increasing sustainable WASH service provision, particularly in rural areas and for promoting IRWM. Achieving this can contribute towards increased partic¬ipation of women in political, economic and public life. It can also contribute towards ensuring conservation, restoration, and sustainable use of freshwater ecosystems and their services and ensuring responsive, inclusive, participatory, and representative decision-making at all levels. Over 75 percent of countries report having clearly defined policies and procedures in place for the participation of service users and communities in planning programmes for drinking water supply (urban: 79 percent, rural: 85 percent) and sanitation (urban: 79 percent, rural: 81 percent). Levels of participation remain comparatively low despite most countries reporting having clearly defined procedures for local participation. Less than 25 percent of countries report a high level of participation in any subsector. Levels of participation tend to be higher for drinking water supply (22 percent) and sanitation (21 percent) in rural areas compared to urban areas (13 percent and 9 percent, respectively). Rural drinking water supply tends to have the highest proportion of countries with defined procedures for participation, among the four subsectors, and urban sanitation has the lowest.


Measuring Progress Report 2019


Percentage


Constant 2015 USD (thousand)


2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016


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