Fresh water, in sufficient quantity and quality, is essential for all aspects of life and sustainable development. Water resources are embedded in all forms of development (e.g. food security, health promotion and poverty reduction); in sustaining economic growth in agriculture, industry, and energy generation; and in maintaining healthy ecosystems. While progress was made in improving drinking water and sanitation access under the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), significant gaps remain. The water sector is struggling to improve water resources management and to increase the coverage and quality of water and sanitation services. Some of the many challenges are practical actions in “visible” side of water, such as financing for installing taps and toilets, building reservoirs, drilling boreholes, and treating and reusing/recycling wastewater. However, there remain challenges around the need for good water governance, which is crucial for implementing Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) (SDG indicator 6.5.1), resolving the challenges of sharing water and the benefits it provides across national boundaries, and tackling the thorny issue of inequality where the rich have better water services than the poor (e.g. wealthy landowners control water, reducing the productivity of smallholders).


Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTRs) have a strong potential to facilitate the implementation of the recommendations in this report.


(a) PRTRs help the industry and other relevant stakeholders to promote "actions to reduce pollution" and share pollution prevention methods;


(b) Today there exist many regional and national PRTR databases that can be used to improve the review of SDGs implementation related to pollution releases and to analyse the respective trends;


(c) PRTRs are well established tools for monitoring pollutant releases to the environment. Furthermore, they can be easily adapted to specific needs for monitoring and analysis of spatial and temporal data. There is a need to call for joint efforts to promote the establishment of PRTRs in countries and regions that currently do not have PRTR systems established;


(d) The Kyiv Protocol on PRTRs requires that aggregated and disaggregated geospatial information be made available in an integrated way with other related databases (these can be databases that provide data on economic, health, air/water quality, or urban planning related issues). PRTRs are promoted by international organizations as a tool that facilitates informed decisions;


(e) With additional reporting on resource consumption and pollutant releases from products, PRTRs are ideal tools for integrated analysis of the environment and policy interactions. Specifically, the effect of a change in policy related to pollution releases can be analysed and adaptive measures taken as necessary; Parties to the Kyiv Protocol have taken steps, notably though the Protocol’s Strategic Plan 2015-2020 and the Budva and Maastricht Declarations, to promote such use of PRTR systems.


10


Measuring Progress Report 2019


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