Arithmetic WORKED EXAMPLE
2 A table of results linking variables x and y is shown.
x 23456 y 643 2⋅4
2
As x increases from 2 to 4 (doubles), y decreases from 6 to 3 (halves). For every pair (x, y) of variables, xy = 12 = constant.
y = 12 ___
x ⇒ y ∝ 1 __
x
This is expressed as ‘y is directly proportional to one over x (the inverse of x)’ or ‘y is inversely proportional to x’.
In general, if y = k __
y ∝ 1 __
x ⇔ y = k __
proportionality. A graph of y against 1 __
x ⇔ xy = k The product xy is constant. EXAMPLE 19
If p is inversely proportional to s, fi nd an expression relating p to s.
(a) If p = 6 when s = 15, fi nd the constant of proportionality,
(b) fi nd s when p = 20, (c) fi nd p when s = 12.
(b) p = 20: s = 90 ___
(c) s = 12: p = 90 ___
EXAMPLE 20
Five computers process a certain amount of information in 12 hours. How long will it take 18 computers to process the same information?
Solution
Clearly, as the number of computers N increases, the processing time t decreases.
N = 18: t = 60 ___
∴ t ∝ 1 __
N = 5, t = 12: 12 = k __
N ⇒ t = k __
N 5
k = 60 t = 60
18 = 10 ___
___ N
3 = 3 1 _
3 hours = 3 hours 20 minutes 49
Solution p ∝ 1
(a) p = 6, s = 15: 6 = k ___
__ s ⇒ p = k
__ s
15
k = 90 p = 90
20 = 4⋅5 12 = 7⋅5
___ s
x , then y is inversely proportional to x and vice versa. k is called the constant of x is a straight line through the origin of slope k.
()1
__ x
Explaining inverse proportion y
Slope = k
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