• To perform the following operations on complex numbers: addition and subtraction, multiplication by a scalar, modulus, conjugate, multiplication, division.
• To interpret addition and multiplication by i geometrically. • To solve simple complex number equations.
14.1 Addition and subtraction
To add or subtract complex numbers, combine their real parts and combine their imaginary parts giving your answer in the form a + bi.
3 − 2i + 8 + 4i = 11 + 2i [Add the real parts and add the imaginary parts.] 5 − 7i − 4 − 3i = 1 − 10i
EXAMPLE 1
If z = 5 + 7i and w = 3 + 2i, fi nd: (a) z + w (b) z − w