Power of Maths: Paper 1 – Section 8 Conclusion y = f (x)
___ dx = f ʹ(x)1 x 0
dy x 1 x 2 2 x 1 x 3 3 x 2
The process of fi nding the slope of the tangent to a curve y = f (x) at any point (x, y) on the curve is called differentiation.
k P(x, y) y = f (x)
The slope m of the tangent at any point P(x, y) on the curve y = f (x) is given by
___ dx or f ʹ(x) ( f dash x).
dy m =
TIP To fi nd
EXAMPLE 2
Find the slope of the tangent to the curve y = x 3 at (−2, −8).
Solution y = x 3
WORKED EXAMPLE At x = −2:
___ dx = 3 x 2 [Differentiate fi rst] ___
dy dy
dx = 3(−2)2 = 12 = m [Substitute in the value for x second.]
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = x 2 at (−3, 9).
1. Draw a rough picture. y = x2 (x1, y1) = (–3, 9) k 2. Do 300
___ dx fi rst.
dy
Equation of a tangent to a curve y = x 2
3. Put the value of x into dy dy
___ dx = 2x
dy x = −3:
___ dx = 2(−3) = −6 = m
___ dx .
4. Use the formula for the equation of a straight
line, ( y − y1) = m(x − x1), to get the equation of the tangent k.
(x1, y1) = (−3, 9), m = −6 ( y − 9) = −6(x + 3) k : 6x + y + 9 = 0
___ dx at a particular point (x1, y1) on a curve, always differentiate fi rst
dy and then substitute in the value of x1 for x.
___ dx = f ʹ(x)
dy
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